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| | In fact, Chief Justice Earl Warren was probably the most powerful person in all of American politics during his service from 1953 to 1969. The Warren Court was an "activist court," extending judicial powers into areas where it previously showed restraint. For example, the Warren Court applied the Bill of Rights against the States, despite their clear language and intent to apply only against the federal government. On a more controversial level, the Warren Court expanded the power of the Supreme Court and invented many new constitutional rights, while denying the rights of teachers and students to begin class with a prayer. | | In fact, Chief Justice Earl Warren was probably the most powerful person in all of American politics during his service from 1953 to 1969. The Warren Court was an "activist court," extending judicial powers into areas where it previously showed restraint. For example, the Warren Court applied the Bill of Rights against the States, despite their clear language and intent to apply only against the federal government. On a more controversial level, the Warren Court expanded the power of the Supreme Court and invented many new constitutional rights, while denying the rights of teachers and students to begin class with a prayer. |
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| − | The Warren Court is most famous for holding in favor of criminals and restricting the power of law enforcement in dealing with crime. Two examples of Warren Court decisions in this field are: | + | The Warren Court is most famous for holding in favor of criminals and restricting the power of law enforcement in dealing with crime. Three examples of Warren Court decisions in this field are: |
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| | *''Gideon v. Wainwright'' (1963), requiring States to provide and pay for a defense attorney for any defendant charged with a felony (a felony is a serious crime, as opposed to a minor offense) | | *''Gideon v. Wainwright'' (1963), requiring States to provide and pay for a defense attorney for any defendant charged with a felony (a felony is a serious crime, as opposed to a minor offense) |
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| | *''Escobedo v. Illinois'' (1964): requiring police to provide a suspect with a lawyer, at taxpayer expense, during police interrogation, if the suspect requests one | | *''Escobedo v. Illinois'' (1964): requiring police to provide a suspect with a lawyer, at taxpayer expense, during police interrogation, if the suspect requests one |
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| − | *''Miranda v. Arizona'' (1966), establishing strict standards for how police may ask questions of suspects, requiring the police first to recite the "Miranda warnings": you have the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be held against you, you have a right to an attorney, and an attorney will be appointed for you if you cannot afford one | + | *''Miranda v. Arizona'' (1966), establishing strict standards for how police may ask questions of suspects, requiring the police first to recite this "Miranda warning": you have the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be held against you, you have a right to an attorney, and an attorney will be appointed for you if you cannot afford one |
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| | '''Debate: Do you think criminal suspects are entitled to these new rights?''' | | '''Debate: Do you think criminal suspects are entitled to these new rights?''' |