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===Loyalists in the Thirteen States===  

===Loyalists in the Thirteen States===  

[[Image:Loyalist4.JPG|thumb|300px|pockets of Loyalist strength in US and Canada; the red dots represent Loyaist Indian tribes on the frontier]]

[[Image:Loyalist4.JPG|thumb|300px|pockets of Loyalist strength in US and Canada; the red dots represent Loyalist Indian tribes on the frontier]]

Historian Robert Middlekauff summarizes scholarly research on who was a Loyalist as follows:

Historian Robert Middlekauff summarizes scholarly research on who was a Loyalist as follows:

==Return of some exiles==

==Return of some exiles==

The great majority of Loyalists never left the United States; they stayed on to become citizens of the new country. Some became nationally prominent leaders, including [[Samuel Seabury]] and [[Tench Coxe]].  Some exiles returned, as the Massachusetts story confirms.<ref> Kermes 2002</ref> Of those who left Massachusetts, virtually all expressed a desire to return to what they considered their native home. After the last wave of anti-Toryism passed in the wake of the peace treaty of 1783, a number of Loyalists, typically young, native born, and still emotionally attached to the area, made their way back to Massachusetts between 1784 and 1789. On reentering Massachusetts, they encountered, for the most part, a warm welcome from anti-Toryists and were able to integrate themselves into society, reclaiming property, collecting debts, and joining the conservative, Federalist political culture of the state.  

The great majority of Loyalists never left the United States; they stayed on to become citizens of the new country. Some became nationally prominent leaders, including [[Samuel Seabury]] and [[Tench Coxe]].  Some exiles returned, as the Massachusetts story confirms.<ref> Kermes 2002</ref> Of those who left Massachusetts, virtually all expressed a desire to return to what they considered their native home. After the last wave of anti-Toryism passed in the wake of the peace treaty of 1783, a number of Loyalists, typically young, native born, and still emotionally attached to their native state, made their way back to Massachusetts between 1784 and 1789. On reentering Massachusetts, they encountered, for the most part, a warm welcome from Americans and were able to integrate themselves into society, reclaiming property, collecting debts, and joining the conservative, [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] political culture of the state.  

[[Image:Loyal-gb.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Britannia welcomes returning American Loyalists; drawing by Benjamin West (1812)]]

[[Image:Loyal-gb.jpg|thumb|330px|right|Britannia welcomes returning American Loyalists; drawing by Benjamin West (1812)]]

[[Count Rumford]] (Benjamin Thompson) was a loyalist who fled to London when the War began. He became a world class scientist, a founder of thermodynamics and famous also for research in artillery ordnance. His expressed a desire to return to the United States in 1799 and was eagerly sought by the Americans (who needed help in fighting the [[Quasi-War]] with France). Rumford eventually decided to stay in London because he was engrossed with establishing the Royal Institution in England. <ref>Bradley 1974</ref>

[[Count Rumford]] (Benjamin Thompson) was a loyalist who fled to London when the War began. He became a world class scientist, a founder of thermodynamics and famous also for research in artillery ordnance. His expressed a desire to return to the United States in 1799 and was eagerly sought by the Americans (who needed help in fighting the [[Quasi-War]] with France). Rumford eventually decided to stay in London because he was engrossed with establishing the Royal Institution in England. <ref>Bradley 1974</ref>