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[[Image:Galileo.jpg|right|thumb|200px|'''Galileo Galilei'''<br> Subterman's portrait, circa 1640]]

[[Image:Galileo.jpg|right|thumb|200px|'''Galileo Galilei'''<br> Subterman's portrait, circa 1640]]

'''Galileo Galilei''' (1564-1642), often referred to simply as '''Galileo''', was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[physicist]] and [[astronomer]] who improved the [[telescope]], contributed to the field of [[mechanical]] [[physics]], proposed the [[heliocentrism|heliocentric]] model of [[Copernicus]] as the accurate universal model, and later in life had a famous dispute with the [[Catholic Church]] in which they labeled him a [[heretic]].  The [[Protestant]]s [[Martin Luther]] and [[John Calvin]] had both disputed the [[Copernicus]] model asserted by Galileo<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=JcMCmBnpHGsC&pg=PA155&dq=Galileo+Catholic+Priest&as_brr=3&ei=6BFJSZ2rD5qEkgSgzfSwAg#PPA155,M1 ''The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief'', Francis S. Collins, Simon and Schuster, 2006, ISBN 0743286391, 9780743286398, 294 pages, p. 155</ref>.

'''Galileo Galilei''' (1564-1642), often referred to simply as '''Galileo''', was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[physicist]] and [[astronomer]] who improved the [[telescope]], contributed to the field of [[mechanical]] [[physics]], proposed the [[heliocentrism|heliocentric]] model of [[Copernicus]] as the accurate universal model, and later in life had a famous dispute with the [[Catholic Church]] in which they labeled him a [[heretic]].  The [[Protestant]]s [[Martin Luther]] and [[John Calvin]] had both disputed the [[helocentric]] model<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=JcMCmBnpHGsC&pg=PA155&dq=Galileo+Catholic+Priest&as_brr=3&ei=6BFJSZ2rD5qEkgSgzfSwAg#PPA155,M1 ''The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief''], Francis S. Collins, Simon and Schuster, 2006, ISBN 0743286391, 9780743286398, 294 pages, p. 155</ref>.

Galileo first came to prominence when, in 1604, he demonstrated that a [[supernova]] was further away from the earth than the [[moon]].  At the time that was shocking as it was not expected within the earth-centered framework that existed at that time.  It was also around this time that he invented a geometric and military compass.  Galileo sought a patron, and made overtures to the Cosimo family, but had to supplement his income by selling his compass to students along with a handbook on how to use it.  He also invented a primitive [[thermometer]] and a [[barometer]].

Galileo first came to prominence when, in 1604, he demonstrated that a [[supernova]] was further away from the earth than the [[moon]].  At the time that was shocking as it was not expected within the earth-centered framework that existed at that time.  It was also around this time that he invented a geometric and military compass.  Galileo sought a patron, and made overtures to the Cosimo family, but had to supplement his income by selling his compass to students along with a handbook on how to use it.  He also invented a primitive [[thermometer]] and a [[barometer]].