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'''The Whiskey Rebellion''' was the refusal of farmers in western Pennsylvania in the 1790s to pay federal taxes on the whiskey the produced for market. The tax on whiskey was pushed by Secretary of Treasury [[Alexander Hamilton]] in 1791, to help pay the national debt. Farmers grew corn, which was too bulky to ship to markets, so they distilled it into whiskey, which was easy to ship in barrels. The American backcountry in the 1790s was intensely individualistic and resented the way the new government interfered in their business. Other grievances against the government included the failure to open the Mississippi River to navigation (so they could ship whiskey to New Orleans), the disasters of the Indian wars in Ohio, the high prices of land, arduous and ill-paid militia duty, scarcity of specie, and the creation of a salaried official class.
'''The Whiskey Rebellion''' was the refusal of farmers in western Pennsylvania in the 1790s to pay federal taxes of 6 to 9 cents a gallon on the whiskey the produced for market. The tax on whiskey was pushed by Secretary of Treasury [[Alexander Hamilton]] in 1791, to help pay the national debt. Farmers grew corn, which was too bulky to ship to markets, so they distilled it into whiskey, which was easy to ship in barrels. The American backcountry in the 1790s was intensely individualistic and resented the way the new government interfered in their business. Other grievances against the government included the failure to open the Mississippi River to navigation (so they could ship whiskey to New Orleans), the disasters of the Indian wars in Ohio, the high prices of land, arduous and ill-paid militia duty, scarcity of specie, and the creation of a salaried official class.
[[Image:Whiskey1794.jpg|thumb|400px]]
[[Image:Whiskey1794.jpg|thumb|400px]]
[[Image:Whiskey1794-Washington.jpg|thumb|280px|left|Washington marches to suppress the rebellion]]
[[Image:Whiskey1794-Washington.jpg|thumb|280px|left|Washington marches to suppress the rebellion]]
* Baldwin, Leland D. ''Whiskey Rebels: The Story of a Frontier Uprising.'' (1939) [http://www.questia.com/read/8495881?title=Whiskey%20Rebels%3a%20The%20Story%20of%20a%20Frontier%20Uprising online edition]
* Baldwin, Leland D. ''Whiskey Rebels: The Story of a Frontier Uprising.'' (1939) [http://www.questia.com/read/8495881?title=Whiskey%20Rebels%3a%20The%20Story%20of%20a%20Frontier%20Uprising online edition]
* Boyd, Steven R., ed. ''The Whiskey Rebellion: Past and Present Perspectives '' (1985), articles by scholars
* Hogeland, William. ''The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and the frontier rebels who challenged America's newfound sovereignty.'' (2006).
* Hogeland, William. ''The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and the frontier rebels who challenged America's newfound sovereignty.'' (2006).
* Kohn, Richard H. "The Washington Administration's Decision to Crush the Whiskey Rebellion," ''Journal of American History,' Vol. 59, No. 3 (Dec., 1972), pp. 567-584 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1900658 in JSTOR]
* Slaughter, Thomas P. ''The Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier epilogue to the American Revolution.'' (1986) [http://www.questia.com/read/101534833?title=The%20Whiskey%20Rebellion%3a%20Frontier%20Epilogue%20to%20the%20American%20Revolution online edition].
* Slaughter, Thomas P. ''The Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier epilogue to the American Revolution.'' (1986) [http://www.questia.com/read/101534833?title=The%20Whiskey%20Rebellion%3a%20Frontier%20Epilogue%20to%20the%20American%20Revolution online edition].
* Whitten, David O. "An Economic Inquiry into the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794," ''Agricultural History,'' Vol. 49, No. 3 (Jul., 1975), pp. 491-504 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3741786 in JSTOR]
==References==
==References==
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[[Category: United States History]]
[[Category: United States History]]
[[Category: Tax revolts]]
[[Category: Tax revolts]]