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Turks]]. The Seljuk Turks seemed almost invincible as fighters, having
Turks]]. The Seljuk Turks seemed almost invincible as fighters, having
conquered [[Asia Minor]] and even beating the once-mighty [[Byzantine Empire]].
conquered [[Asia Minor]] and even beating the once-mighty [[Byzantine Empire]].
The Seljuk Turks ruled from the 1000s to the 1200s, and did particularly well under one particular ruler, [[Malik Shah]], who died in 1092. But some Moslems
The Seljuk Turks ruled from the 1000s to the 1200s, and did particularly well under one particular ruler, [[Malik Shah]], who died in 1092. But some Muslims
were unhappy with being ruled by the Turks, and once Malik died dissension in
were unhappy with being ruled by the Turks, and once Malik died dissension in
the Islamic world grew.
the Islamic world grew.
The Byzantine emperor, [[Alexius Comnenus]], had inherited an empire that had
The Byzantine emperor, [[Alexius Comnenus]], had inherited an empire that had
been destroyed by Seljuk and Patzinak Turks and he asked the pope for mercenary
been destroyed by Seljuk and Patzinak Turks and he asked the pope for mercenary
help to defeat the Moslems. He promised a reunion of the [[Eastern Orthodox
help to defeat the Muslims. He promised a reunion of the [[Eastern Orthodox
Church]] and the [[Western Church]] and to give Byzantine lands (“[[fiefs]]”)
Church]] and the [[Western Church]] and to give Byzantine lands (“[[fiefs]]”)
to victorious knights from the [[feudal]] west.
to victorious knights from the [[feudal]] west.
[[Nicaea]] in 1097, and went onward to Jerusalem despite intense fighting,
[[Nicaea]] in 1097, and went onward to Jerusalem despite intense fighting,
mostly between the various factions within the Crusade as opposed to with any
mostly between the various factions within the Crusade as opposed to with any
Muslim enemies and hardship.
In 1099 the First Crusade invaded and succeeded in capturing Jerusalem, and set
In 1099 the First Crusade invaded and succeeded in capturing Jerusalem, and set
participants in the Crusades like never before in history and perhaps never
participants in the Crusades like never before in history and perhaps never
since. Genovese Merchants participated also in the hope of undermining
since. Genovese Merchants participated also in the hope of undermining
Venice's trade links with Moslem Egypt. Many of the crusaders were acting to
Venice's trade links with Muslim Egypt. Many of the crusaders were acting to
advance the cause of Christianity. This was not necessarily true for all of
advance the cause of Christianity. This was not necessarily true for all of
the crusaders. Criminals who fought were pardoned, and a crusader was exempt
the crusaders. Criminals who fought were pardoned, and a crusader was exempt
A Second Crusade in 1147-49 was a failure, owing to the French King's insistence
A Second Crusade in 1147-49 was a failure, owing to the French King's insistence
on betraying and attacking his only Moslem ally, Damascus. In 1187 the Muslims
on betraying and attacking his only Muslim ally, Damascus. In 1187 the Muslims
captured Jerusalem under their leader [[Saladin]], and the Third Crusade
captured Jerusalem under their leader [[Saladin]], and the Third Crusade
(1189-92) had the limited success of obtaining a truce from Saladin that
(1189-92) had the limited success of obtaining a truce from Saladin that
peasants leading up to a thousand children on a mission of love to Jerusalem,
peasants leading up to a thousand children on a mission of love to Jerusalem,
but the children were captured by Christian Genovese merchants and sold as
but the children were captured by Christian Genovese merchants and sold as
slaves to, ironically, the Moslem powers of North Africa. The later Crusades
slaves to, ironically, the Muslim powers of North Africa. The later Crusades
saw a revival in religious motivation, indeed, the Fifth Crusade and the
saw a revival in religious motivation, indeed, the Fifth Crusade and the
Crusade of St. Louis both nearly succeeded in regaining Jerusalem by way of
Crusade of St. Louis both nearly succeeded in regaining Jerusalem by way of