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++material on American and European portions of the neo-orthodoxy tree
Neither strictly Christian left nor right were members of the Christian '''neo-orthodoxy''' movement. These theologians have characteristics in commmon with both the [[Religious Left|left]] and the [[Religious right|right]]. Its members include the Swiss theologian Karl Barth and the first generation American theologian [[Reinhold Niebuhr]]. They rejected much of the [[liberalism]] of the [[social gospel]], emphatically embracing the doctrine of original sin, but still held biblical criticism in high regard and never fully questioned the liberal foundations of science and academia—unlike [[fundamentalism]], which discredits, ignores, or soft pedals biblical criticism and has always, continues to, and never shys away from such questioning. The origins of the neo-orthodoxy movement stem from Karl Barth's initial preaching in the way he had been taught at seminary, soon believing many of his own thoughts and words to be hypocrises, and then, subsequently rejecting and refuting 350 years of German, Swiss Protestant teaching—almost everything after or outside of [[Martin Luther]], [[John Calvin]], and the [[Anabaptists]]. Karl Barth asserted that [[God]] is "wholly other" and that man must reshape himself to [[God]]'s design and not the other way around as had become the norm in 19th century Swiss, German Christian theology<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,949287,00.html "Thunder and Lightning in a Pen"], Richard N. Ostling, ''[[Time magazine]]'', Monday, Aug. 03, 1981 </ref>.
Neither strictly Christian left nor right were members of the Christian '''neo-orthodoxy''' movement. These theologians have characteristics in commmon with both the [[Religious Left|left]] and the [[Religious right|right]]. Its members include the Swiss theologian Karl Barth and the first generation American theologian [[Reinhold Niebuhr]]. They rejected much of the [[liberalism]] of the [[social gospel]], emphatically embracing the doctrine of original sin, but still held biblical criticism in high regard and never fully questioned the liberal foundations of science and academia—unlike [[fundamentalism]], which discredits, ignores, or soft pedals biblical criticism and has always, continues to, and never shys away from such questioning. The origins of the neo-orthodoxy movement stem from Karl Barth's initial preaching in the way he had been taught at seminary, soon believing many of his own thoughts and words to be hypocrises, and then, subsequently rejecting and refuting 350 years of German, Swiss Protestant teaching—almost everything after or outside of [[Martin Luther]], [[John Calvin]], and the [[Anabaptists]]. Karl Barth asserted that [[God]] is "wholly other" and that man must reshape himself to [[God]]'s design and not the other way around as had become the norm in 19th century Swiss, German Christian theology<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,949287,00.html "Thunder and Lightning in a Pen"], Richard N. Ostling, ''[[Time magazine]]'', Monday, Aug. 03, 1981 </ref>.
==American branch==
The American branch of neo-orthodoxy is the theological literature ''by'' and ''on'' [[Reinhold Niebuhr]], his brother [[H. Richard Niebuhr]], and his friend whom he helped extract from Nazi Germany [[Paul Tillich]]. In the States from the 1930's through the 1960's the theological work of these three men eclipsed all others.
==European trunk and root==
The European portion of neo-orthodoxy was in fact the movements roots and trunk. It was started by Karl Barth and it was intially not his but the translations of his colleague Emil Brunner's work who was read by the Americans [[Reinhold Niebuhr]] and [[H. Richard Niebuhr]].
Reinhold Niebuhr's 1939 complaint against [[Liberal Christianity]]:
Reinhold Niebuhr's 1939 complaint against [[Liberal Christianity]]: