Changes

In ''[[Gibbons v. Ogden]]'' (1824), the [[Supreme Court]] interpreted the [[Commerce Clause]] to include virtually any [[business]] activity between two or more [[state]]s.  This greatly reduced the [[power]] of [[state]]s to regulate [[commerce]].

In ''[[Gibbons v. Ogden]]'' (1824), the [[Supreme Court]] interpreted the [[Commerce Clause]] to include virtually any [[business]] activity between two or more [[state]]s.  This greatly reduced the [[power]] of [[state]]s to regulate [[commerce]].

In ''[[U.S. v. Lopez]]'', 514 U.S. 549 (1995), the leading modern decision reestablishing state sovereignty after over a century of federal encroachment, Justice Kennedy wrote in concurrence in providing the decisive 5th vote:  

In ''[[United States v. Lopez]]'', 514 U.S. 549 (1995), the leading modern decision reestablishing state sovereignty after over a century of federal encroachment, Justice Kennedy wrote in concurrence in providing the decisive 5th vote:  

:[F]ederalism was the unique contribution of the Framers to political science and political theory. Though on the surface the idea may seem counter-intuitive, it was the insight of the Framers that freedom was enhanced by the creation of two governments, not one.

:[F]ederalism was the unique contribution of the Framers to political science and political theory. Though on the surface the idea may seem counter-intuitive, it was the insight of the Framers that freedom was enhanced by the creation of two governments, not one.