Changes

The '''National Civic Federation''' ('''NCF'''), was a federation of American businesses and labor leaders founded in 1900 and important down to about 1914. It slowly faded in importance and played a minor role until it closed in 1950.  It was a conservative solution to labor violence during the [[Progressive Era]], and was opposed by radical elements such as the socialists and the [[IWW]]. The Federation brought together top executives and labor leaders who supported capitalism and wanted to maximize financial advantages for both sides by avoiding unnecessary and costly strikes.  It was supported by [[Samuel Gompers]], head of the [[American federation of Labor Unions]] (which was a coalition of many different unions, strongest in industrial cities).

The '''National Civic Federation''' ('''NCF'''), was a federation of American businesses and labor leaders founded in 1900 and important down to about 1914. It slowly faded in importance and played a minor role until it closed in 1950.  It was a conservative solution to labor violence during the [[Progressive Era]], and was opposed by radical elements such as the socialists and the [[IWW]]. The Federation brought together top executives and labor leaders who supported capitalism and wanted to maximize financial advantages for both sides by avoiding unnecessary and costly strikes.  It was supported by [[Samuel Gompers]], head of the [[American Federation of Labor]] (which was a coalition of many different unions, strongest in industrial cities).

The NCF emerged  first in 1893 as the Chicago Civic Federation (CCF), which was also known as the Civic Federation of Chicago. The key leader was [[Ralph Easley]], the CCF’s gregarious head who wanted it to "serve as a medium of sympathy and acquaintance between persons and societies who pursue various and differing vocations and objects, who differ in nationality, creed, and surrounding [and] who are unknown to each other." This federation of civic and reform leaders community took as its primary goal "to focus the new ideals of civic cooperation and social efficiency on the task of renovating Chicago society."  

The NCF emerged  first in 1893 as the Chicago Civic Federation (CCF), which was also known as the Civic Federation of Chicago. The key leader was [[Ralph Easley]], the CCF’s gregarious head who wanted it to "serve as a medium of sympathy and acquaintance between persons and societies who pursue various and differing vocations and objects, who differ in nationality, creed, and surrounding [and] who are unknown to each other." This federation of civic and reform leaders community took as its primary goal "to focus the new ideals of civic cooperation and social efficiency on the task of renovating Chicago society."