Changes

==Young Earth Creation Science solution==

==Young Earth Creation Science solution==

[[John Hartnett]], in ''[[Starlight, Time and the New Physics]],''<ref name=Hartnett>Hartnett, John. ''[[Starlight, Time and the New Physics]]''. Creation Book Publishers, 2007. ISBN 9780949906687.</ref> reminds his readers that Moshe Carmeli first formed a new model, called [[cosmological relativity]], and through this model predicted that the universe would in fact appear to be accelerating. He made this prediction in 1996, ''two years before'' the publication of the Type Ia supernova data and the introduction of the idea of "dark energy" into cosmological discussions. In making this prediction, Carmeli ''did not'' invoke either dark energy or dark matter.

[[John Hartnett]], in ''[[Starlight, Time and the New Physics]],''<ref name=Hartnett>Hartnett, John. ''[[Starlight, Time and the New Physics]]''. Creation Book Publishers, 2007. ISBN 9780949906687.</ref> reminds his readers that Moshe Carmeli first formed a new model, called [[Cosmological Relativity]], and through this model predicted that the universe would in fact appear to be accelerating. He made this prediction in 1996, ''two years before'' the publication of the Type Ia supernova data and the introduction of the idea of "dark energy" into cosmological discussions. In making this prediction, Carmeli ''did not'' invoke either dark energy or dark matter.

Hartnett extended Carmeli's model and discarded several assumptions that Carmeli initially had thought were safe. This included the assumption that the matter density of the universe is at the critical level for a "coasting" universe.

Hartnett extended Carmeli's model and discarded several assumptions that Carmeli initially had thought were safe. This included the assumption that the matter density of the universe is at the critical level for a "coasting" universe.

Hartnett tested these equations against the High-Z Supernova Search Team data. To do this, he used these equations to convert <math>r/c\tau</math> to an absolute magnitude:

Hartnett tested these equations against the High-Z Supernova Search Team data. To do this, he used these equations to convert <math>r/c\tau</math> to an absolute magnitude:

<math>m(z) = M + 5 \log D_L (z;\Omega)</math>

<math>\,m(z) = M + 5 \log D_L (z;\Omega)</math>

Here,

Here,

Hartnett plotted the difference <math>M-M_B</math> against redshift for the supernovas studied most recently by Riess and Astier<ref name=Reiss/><ref name=Astier/>. He then adjusted the parameters <math>a</math> and <math>\Omega_m</math> to achieve the best statistical fit to the observations. He obtained these values:

Hartnett plotted the difference <math>M-M_B</math> against redshift for the supernovas studied most recently by Riess and Astier<ref name=Reiss/><ref name=Astier/>. He then adjusted the parameters <math>a</math> and <math>\Omega_m</math> to achieve the best statistical fit to the observations. He obtained these values:

<math>a = 0.2284</math>

<math>\,a = 0.2284</math>

and

and

<math>\Omega_m = 0.0401</math>

<math>\,\Omega_m = 0.0401</math>

The second value is consistent with a mass-energy density that is four percent of critical. This is about twice as much matter as Fu<!--abc-->kugita ''et al.'' have determined that the universe has within it, but also at the upper limit of the range of that value.<ref name=baryon>Fu<!--abc-->kugita M, Hogan CJ, and Peebles PJE, "The cosmic baryon budget", ''Ap. J.'' '''503''':518-530, 1998</ref> It is also the same as the fraction of mass-energy in the universe that most evolutionists now believe to be composed of ordinary or baryonic matter (see below).

The second value is consistent with a mass-energy density that is four percent of critical. This is about twice as much matter as Fu<!--abc-->kugita ''et al.'' have determined that the universe has within it, but also at the upper limit of the range of that value.<ref name=baryon>Fu<!--abc-->kugita M, Hogan CJ, and Peebles PJE, "The cosmic baryon budget", ''Ap. J.'' '''503''':518-530, 1998</ref> It is also the same as the fraction of mass-energy in the universe that most evolutionists now believe to be composed of ordinary or baryonic matter (see below).