4,336
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
New page: The '''Eulsa Treaty''' or '''Japan-Korea Protectorate Treaty''' ((Japanese: 第二次日韓協約 ''Dai-niji Nitcho Kyōyaku''; Korean: 을사조약 ''Eulsa joyak''), also referred to as t...
The '''Eulsa Treaty''' or '''Japan-Korea Protectorate Treaty''' ((Japanese: 第二次日韓協約 ''Dai-niji Nitcho Kyōyaku''; Korean: 을사조약 ''Eulsa joyak''), also referred to as the "Second Japan-Korea Agreement" was signed between the [[Empire]]s of [[Japan]] and [[Korea]] on 17 November, 1905. The name "Eulsa Treaty" treaty is derived from the Korean word "eulsa', which refers to the 42<sup>nd</sup> year of the [[Chinese zodiac|sexagenary cycle]].
Following the end of the [[Russo-Japanese War]] and the signing of the [[Treaty of Portsmouth]], in which Japan’s supremacy on the Korean peninsula was acknowledged by Russia , the Japanese statesman, Ito Hirobumi, presented Emperor Gojong with a draft of the Protectorate Treaty on 15 November, 1905. He declared the contents to be final and unrevisable and insisted that the Emperor and his ministers accept its terms.
Faced with the disadvantage of having the Imperial palace occupied by Japanese Imperial Army troops, who were also deployed throughout the country, at strategic locations, the Koreans were left with little alternative but to sign.
The treaty was signed on 17 November, 1905, by the Korean minister of foreign affairs, Bak Je-sun, and the Japanese minister, Hayasi Konsuke. The Emperor Gojong and the Prime Minister, Han Gyu-seol refused to sign the treaty. This teaty transferred full authority over Korea’s diplomatic relations, as well as control over all trade through Korean ports, to Japan. This would be managed by a Japan-appointed Resident-General - the first being Ito Hirobumi, who was appointed in March, 1906. By signing the treaty, Korea was deprived of its diplomatic sovereignty and became a protectorate of Japan. <ref>http://english.historyfoundation.or.kr/?sub_num=35#arti3 Russo-Japanese War and Japanese Extortion of Korea’s Sovereignty</ref>
This treaty was later stated as being "already null and void" in Article II of the [[Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea]], which was signed on 22 June, 1965. However,many have argued that as the Koreans signed the treaty if not under duress, then certainly under the threat of military action, the treaty was illegal in terms of internatonal law. In addition, as it was not signed by the Korean Emperor, nor the Prime Minister, it could not have been binding on the country. However, the major powers of the time did nothing to help Korea and turned a deaf ear to her pleas. <ref>Sakamoto Shigeki; "The Issue of Treaties between Japan and Korea - from the standpoint of international law"; page 373</ref>
==Full text of the Agreement==
{{cquote|'''Korean-Japanese Agreement'''
17 November, 1905
The Government of Japan and Korea, desiring to strengthen the principle of solidarity which unites the two Empires, have with that object in view agreed upon and concluded the following stipulations to serve until the moment arrives when it is recognized that Korea has attained national strength.
*Article 1. The Government of Japan, through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Tokyo, will hereafter have control and direction of the external relations and affairs of Korea, and the diplomatic and consular representatives of Japan will have the charge of the subjects and interests of Korea in foreign countries.
*Article 2. The Government of Japan shall undertake to see to the execution of the treaties actually existing between Korea and the other Powers, and the Government of Korea shall not engage to conclude hereafter any act or engagement having an international character, except through the medium of the Government of Japan.
*Article 3. The Government of Japan shall be represented at the Court of His Majesty the Emporer of Korea by a Resident-General, who shall reside at Seoul, primarily for the purpose of taking charge of and directing matters relating to diplomatic affairs. He shall have the right of private and personal audience of His Majesty the Emporor of Korea. The Japanese Government shall also have the right to station Residents at the several open ports and such other places in Korea as they may deem necessary. Such Residents shall, under the direction of the Resident-General, exercise the powers and functions hitherto appertaining to Japanese Consuls in Korea and shall perform such duties as may be necessary in order to carry into full effect the provisions of this agreement.
*Article 4. The stipulations of all treaties and agreements existing between Japan and Korea not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement shall continue in force.
*Article 5. The Government of Japan shall undertake to maintain the welfare and dignity of the Imperial House of Korea.
In faith whereof, the Undersigned duly authorized by their Government have signed this Agreement and affixed their seals:
HAYASHI KONSUKE (Seal)<br>
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary<br>
The 17th day of the 11th month of the 39th year of [[Meiji]]
BAK JE-SUN (Seal)<br>
The 17th day of the 11th month of the 9th year of Kwangmu<ref>http://kalaniosullivan.com/Korea/KunsanCity/JapTreaty.html</ref>}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Sakamoto Shigeki; "Effect of the Korea-Japan Treaty - the first anthology"; Kansai University Law No. 44 Volume 4; 1995.
[[category:Japanese treaties]][[category:Korea]]
Following the end of the [[Russo-Japanese War]] and the signing of the [[Treaty of Portsmouth]], in which Japan’s supremacy on the Korean peninsula was acknowledged by Russia , the Japanese statesman, Ito Hirobumi, presented Emperor Gojong with a draft of the Protectorate Treaty on 15 November, 1905. He declared the contents to be final and unrevisable and insisted that the Emperor and his ministers accept its terms.
Faced with the disadvantage of having the Imperial palace occupied by Japanese Imperial Army troops, who were also deployed throughout the country, at strategic locations, the Koreans were left with little alternative but to sign.
The treaty was signed on 17 November, 1905, by the Korean minister of foreign affairs, Bak Je-sun, and the Japanese minister, Hayasi Konsuke. The Emperor Gojong and the Prime Minister, Han Gyu-seol refused to sign the treaty. This teaty transferred full authority over Korea’s diplomatic relations, as well as control over all trade through Korean ports, to Japan. This would be managed by a Japan-appointed Resident-General - the first being Ito Hirobumi, who was appointed in March, 1906. By signing the treaty, Korea was deprived of its diplomatic sovereignty and became a protectorate of Japan. <ref>http://english.historyfoundation.or.kr/?sub_num=35#arti3 Russo-Japanese War and Japanese Extortion of Korea’s Sovereignty</ref>
This treaty was later stated as being "already null and void" in Article II of the [[Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea]], which was signed on 22 June, 1965. However,many have argued that as the Koreans signed the treaty if not under duress, then certainly under the threat of military action, the treaty was illegal in terms of internatonal law. In addition, as it was not signed by the Korean Emperor, nor the Prime Minister, it could not have been binding on the country. However, the major powers of the time did nothing to help Korea and turned a deaf ear to her pleas. <ref>Sakamoto Shigeki; "The Issue of Treaties between Japan and Korea - from the standpoint of international law"; page 373</ref>
==Full text of the Agreement==
{{cquote|'''Korean-Japanese Agreement'''
17 November, 1905
The Government of Japan and Korea, desiring to strengthen the principle of solidarity which unites the two Empires, have with that object in view agreed upon and concluded the following stipulations to serve until the moment arrives when it is recognized that Korea has attained national strength.
*Article 1. The Government of Japan, through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Tokyo, will hereafter have control and direction of the external relations and affairs of Korea, and the diplomatic and consular representatives of Japan will have the charge of the subjects and interests of Korea in foreign countries.
*Article 2. The Government of Japan shall undertake to see to the execution of the treaties actually existing between Korea and the other Powers, and the Government of Korea shall not engage to conclude hereafter any act or engagement having an international character, except through the medium of the Government of Japan.
*Article 3. The Government of Japan shall be represented at the Court of His Majesty the Emporer of Korea by a Resident-General, who shall reside at Seoul, primarily for the purpose of taking charge of and directing matters relating to diplomatic affairs. He shall have the right of private and personal audience of His Majesty the Emporor of Korea. The Japanese Government shall also have the right to station Residents at the several open ports and such other places in Korea as they may deem necessary. Such Residents shall, under the direction of the Resident-General, exercise the powers and functions hitherto appertaining to Japanese Consuls in Korea and shall perform such duties as may be necessary in order to carry into full effect the provisions of this agreement.
*Article 4. The stipulations of all treaties and agreements existing between Japan and Korea not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement shall continue in force.
*Article 5. The Government of Japan shall undertake to maintain the welfare and dignity of the Imperial House of Korea.
In faith whereof, the Undersigned duly authorized by their Government have signed this Agreement and affixed their seals:
HAYASHI KONSUKE (Seal)<br>
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary<br>
The 17th day of the 11th month of the 39th year of [[Meiji]]
BAK JE-SUN (Seal)<br>
The 17th day of the 11th month of the 9th year of Kwangmu<ref>http://kalaniosullivan.com/Korea/KunsanCity/JapTreaty.html</ref>}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Sakamoto Shigeki; "Effect of the Korea-Japan Treaty - the first anthology"; Kansai University Law No. 44 Volume 4; 1995.
[[category:Japanese treaties]][[category:Korea]]