Changes

==History==

==History==

In 1983, Barre-Sinoussi, Chermann, and Montagnier (at the Pasteur Institute in Paris) isolated a retrovirus from lymph node cells of a patient with lymphadenopathy; accordingly, this virus was designated lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV).  Lymphadenopathy-associated virus was shown to replicate and cause cytopathology in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes.  A year after the report on LAV, Gallo and co-workers (at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) described the isolation of a cytopathic T-lymphotropic retrovirus, designated human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)<ref>Gallo RC, Salahuddin SZ, Propovic M, et al. Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-II) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. ''Science'' 1984;224:500-503.</ref>

In 1983, Barre-Sinoussi, Chermann, and Montagnier (at the Pasteur Institute in Paris) isolated a retrovirus from lymph node cells of a patient with lymphadenopathy; accordingly, this virus was designated lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV).  Lymphadenopathy-associated virus was shown to replicate and cause cytopathology in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes.  A year after the report on LAV, Gallo and co-workers (at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) described the isolation of a cytopathic T-lymphotropic retrovirus, designated human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)<ref>Gallo RC, Salahuddin SZ, Propovic M, et al. Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-II) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. ''Science'' 1984;224:500-503.</ref>  Although this HTLV-III isolate was later shown to be a contaminant of virus from the Pasteur Institue<ref>Bryant ML, Yamamoti J, Luciw P, Munn R, Marx P, Higgins J, Pedersen N, Levine A, gardner MB, Molecular comparison of retroviruses associated with human and simian AIDS. ''Hematol Oncol'' 1985;3:187-197.</ref><ref>Chang SYP, Bowman BH, Weiss JB, Garcia RE, White TJ. The origin of HIV-1 isolate HTLV-IIIB. ''Nature'' 1993;363:466-469.</ref><ref>Wain-Hobson S, Vartanian JP, Henry M, Chenciner N, Cheynier R, Delassus S, Martins LP, Sala M, Nugeyre MT, Guetard D. LAV revisited: origins of the early HIV-1 isolates from Institut Pasteur. ''Science'' 1991;252:961-965.</ref>

== Transmission ==

== Transmission ==