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'''Aldo Leopold''' (1887-1948) was an American envirnmentalist whose ethics of nature and wildlife preservation had a profound impact on the left wing of the environmental movement.

'''Aldo Leopold''' (1887-1948) was an American envirnmentalist whose ethics of nature and wildlife preservation had a profound impact on the left wing of the environmental movement, with his biocentric or holistic ethics regarding land.  He emphasized biodiversity and ecology and was a founder of the science of wildlife management.

He is most famous for the book ''A Sand County Almanac'' (1949).

He was a professor at the University of Wisconsin and is best lnown for his book ''A Sand County Almanac'' (1949).

the Apache National Forest in the Arizona Territory. In 1911, he was transferred to the Carson National Forest in northern New Mexico. Leopold's career, which kept him in New Mexico until 1924, included developing the first comprehensive management plan for the Grand Canyon, writing the Forest Service's first game and fish handbook, and proposing Gila Wilderness Area, the first national wilderness area in the Forest Service system. In 1933 he became Professor of Game Management in the Agricultural Economics Department at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He purchased eighty acres in the sand country of central Wisconsin. There he put his theories to work in the field, and eventually authored his

best-selling ''A Sand County Almanac'' (1949), which he finished just before his death.

 

By the early 1920s, Leopold had concluded that a particular kind of preservation should be embraced in the national forests of the American West. He was prompted to this by the rampant building of roads to accommodate the "proliferation of the automobile" and the related increasingly heavy recreational demands placed on public lands. He was the first to employ the term wilderness to describe such preservation. Over the next two decades he added ethical and scientific rationales to his defense of the wilderness concept. In one essay, he rhetorically asked "Of what avail are forty freedoms without a blank spot on the map?"  Leopold saw a progress of ethical sensitivity from interpersonal relationships to relationships to society as a whole to relationships with the land, leading to a steady diminution of actions based on expediency, conquest, and self-interest. Leopold thus rejected the utilitarianism of conservationists like [[Gifford Pinchot]] and [[Theodore Roosevelt]].

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

* J. Baird Callicott, ed. ''Companion to a Sand County Almanac'' (1987)

* Callicott, J. Baird, ed. ''Companion to A Sand County Almanac: Interpretive and Critical Essays.'' (1987). 308 pp.

* Susan L. Flader. ''Thinking like a Mountain: Aldo Leopold and the Evolution of an Ecological Attitude toward Deer, Wolves, and Forests (1974)

* Flader, Susan L. ''Thinking like a Mountain: Aldo Leopold and the Evolution of an Ecological Attitude toward Deer, Wolves, and Forests (1974)

* Susan L. Flader. ''The Sand Country of Aldo Leopold'' (1973).  

* Flader, Susan L. ''The Sand Country of Aldo Leopold'' (1973).  

* Curt Meine. ''Aldo Leopold: His Life and Work'' (1987), the standard biography

* Meine, Curt. ''Aldo Leopold: His Life and Work'' (1987), the standard biography

* Roderick Nash. ''Wilderness and the American Mind,'' (3rd ed. 1982)

* Nash, Roderick. ''Wilderness and the American Mind,'' (3rd ed. 1982)

* Douglas H. Strong. ''Dreamers & Defenders: American Conservationists.'' (1988) ch 6 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8516594 online edition]  

* Strong, Douglas H. ''Dreamers & Defenders: American Conservationists.'' (1988) ch 6 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8516594 online edition]  

* Thomas Tanner, ed. ''Aldo Leopold: The Man and His Legacy'' (1987).  

* Tanner, Thomas, ed. ''Aldo Leopold: The Man and His Legacy'' (1987).  

 

[[Category:Environmentalism]]

[[Category:Environmentalism]]

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