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'''Hubert H. Humphrey''' (1911 - 1978) was a leading New Deal liberal Democrat of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, serving as [[Vice President]] under [[Lyndon Johnson]] from 1965 to 1969.  He was defeated for the presidency by Republican [[Richard M. Nixon]] in 1968. As senator from Minnesota he spoke for all the liberal causes,, especially on behahalf of organized labor and civil rights.  He helped purge the Democratic party of its far-left elements in the 1940s and supported the [[containment]] policy in the [[Cold War]].  He tried but failed to win the Democratic presidential nomination in 1960, 1972, and 1976.

'''Hubert H. Humphrey''' (1911 - 1978), called '''HHH''',  was a leading New Deal liberal Democrat of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, serving as [[Vice President]] under [[Lyndon Johnson]] from 1965 to 1969.  He was defeated for the presidency by Republican [[Richard M. Nixon]] in 1968. As senator from Minnesota he spoke for all the liberal causes,, especially on behalf of organized labor and civil rights.  He helped purge the Democratic party of its far-left elements in the 1940s and supported the [[containment]] policy in the [[Cold War]].  He tried but failed to win the Democratic presidential nomination in 1960, 1972, and 1976.

=Career==

=Career==

Humphrey was born in Wallace, South Dakota, the son of a small-town druggist. His family shared in the hardships of the [[Dust Bowl|drought]] and [[Great Depression]] of the late 1920s and early 1930s, thus shaping Humphrey's liberal political philosophy. He entered the University of Minnesota in 1929, but withdrew in his sophomore year because of financial hardship and was not able to resume his studies for six years. In 1939 Humphrey graduated, magna cum laude, and in 1940 he reecived a master's degree in political philosophy at Louisiana State University, where he subsequently taught. He later taught at the University of Minnesota and at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota. While teaching, he became active in Minnesota politics. Democrats had merged with the far-left "Farmer Labor" party in the state, and Humphrey served as state DFL campaign chairman for the Roosevelt-Truman ticket in 1944. In 1945, at the age of 34, Humphrey was elected mayor of Minneapolis, a post in which his efficiency and volubility attracted statewide attention.  

Humphrey was born in Wallace, South Dakota, the son of a small-town druggist. His father was a literary aficionado, classical music enthusiast, strong proponent of religion, egalitarian, and fervent local Democrat who inculcated the values of the [[New Deal Coalition]] into the son. The family shared in the hardships of the [[Dust Bowl|drought]] and [[Great Depression]] of the late 1920s and early 1930s, thus shaping Humphrey's liberal political philosophy. He entered the University of Minnesota in 1929, but withdrew in his sophomore year because of financial hardship and was not able to resume his studies for six years. In 1939 Humphrey graduated, magna cum laude, and in 1940 he received a master's degree in political philosophy at Louisiana State University, where he subsequently taught. He later taught at the University of Minnesota and at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota. While teaching, he became active in Minnesota politics and helped merge the Democratic party with the far-left "Farmer Labor" party in Minnesota; Humphrey served as state DFL campaign chairman for the Roosevelt-Truman ticket in 1944.  

He ran for mayor of Minneapolis in 1943 and lost, but won in 1945, at age 34. He was always an energetic and accessible candidate, going to his constituents rather than waiting for  them to come to him. He had already developed the  tendency to orate at great lengths. Humphrey was endlessly cheerful, forceful, energetic, witty and concerned with the well-being of his campaign workers. He was fastidious in his personal appearance and  preferred neat and clean surroundings even at his campaign headquarters. Humphrey failed in 1943 to gain the support of the far-left-wing leadership of the Minneapolis CIO nor did he receive Teamster leadership backing. Perhaps he might have won if he had not been bluntly honest in informing a  gathering of bartenders that he would eradicate vice, gambling, and liquor law abuses once he took  office.

 

Once in office his efficiency and volubility attracted statewide attention.  As mayor, he championed the causes of police and city charter reform, adequate housing, and labor-management cooperation. He led the fight against racial discrimination in the city.  

==Senate==

==Senate==

He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1948, becoming the first Democrat to win a Senate election in the state. He was reelected in 1954 and 1960.  Humphtrey was an outspoken liberal on any and all issues. As a member of the Foreign Relations Committee he was known for his "Food for Peace" and multilateral disarmament proposals, as well as for his sponsorship of farm and welfare measures.

He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1948, becoming the first Democrat to win a Senate election in the state. Farm cooperatives played an important role in his win. The normally nonpartisan Minnesota cooperatives entered the campaign in order to combat Republican proposals to tax patronage rebates. Joining with labor unions, the cooperatives sided with Humphrey in the factional battle within the DFL Party between Humphrey's anti-Communist wing and far-left supporters of [[Henry Wallace]] and Elmer Benson. With the cooperatives' help, Humphrey won control of the party and extended his influence into rural areas. Cooperatives also helped to defeat Congressman Howard Knutson, chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, who supported the taxation of patronage rebates.<ref> John Earl Haynes, "Farm Coops and the Election of Hubert Humphrey to the Senate" ''Agricultural History'' 1983 57(2): 201-211. 0002-1482 </ref>

 

He was reelected in 1954 and 1960.  Humphrey was an outspoken liberal on any and all issues. As a member of the Foreign Relations Committee he was known for his "Food for Peace" and multilateral disarmament proposals, as well as for his sponsorship of farm and welfare measures.

Underfunded, he was defeated by [[John F. Kennedy]] for the presidential nomination in 1960.  As Senate majority whip in 1961-64, Humphrey proved efficient in organizing support for the passage of major legislation, especially Johnson's liberal [[Great Society]].  He had been one of the most zealous advocates of a strong civil rights bill ever since his successful effort in 1948 to write an unprecedented civil rights plank into the platform of the Democratic Party. To assure passage of the Civil Rights bill in 1964, Humphrey permitted Republicans such as [[Everett Dirksen]] to take credit for the bill by turning active sponsorship over to them. He also actively supported the Peace Corps, urban renewal, federal aid to education, and the nuclear test ban treaty.

Underfunded, he was defeated by [[John F. Kennedy]] for the presidential nomination in 1960.  As Senate majority whip in 1961-64, Humphrey proved efficient in organizing support for the passage of major legislation, especially Johnson's liberal [[Great Society]].  He had been one of the most zealous advocates of a strong civil rights bill ever since his successful effort in 1948 to write an unprecedented civil rights plank into the platform of the Democratic Party. To assure passage of the Civil Rights bill in 1964, Humphrey permitted Republicans such as [[Everett Dirksen]] to take credit for the bill by turning active sponsorship over to them. He also actively supported the Peace Corps, urban renewal, federal aid to education, and the nuclear test ban treaty.

In 1964 he was selected by [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] as vice president. His advice was completely ignored by Johnson, 1965-1968. Privately, he was increasingly dissatisfied with Johnson's handling of the Vietnam War, but told no one.

In 1964 he was selected by [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] as vice president. His advice was completely ignored by Johnson, 1965-1968. Privately, he was increasingly dissatisfied with Johnson's handling of the Vietnam War, but told no one.

==1968==

==1968==

When Johnson was forced to pull out of the 1968 election, Humphrey became the choice of labor unions, Democratic party officials, and cuty machines. He won the nomination without entering any primaries.  After an intense campaign, in the closing days he repudiated Johnson's policy on the [[Vietnam War]], thus winning back some disaffected voters on the far-left.  Meanwhile his unions allies managed to undercut [[George Wallace]]'s appeal to white enthics.  Once far behind Nixon, Humphrey almost caught up, but failed.  

When Johnson was forced to pull out of the 1968 election, Humphrey became the choice of labor unions, Democratic party officials, and city machines. He won the nomination without entering any primaries.  After an intense campaign, in the closing days he repudiated Johnson's policy on the [[Vietnam War]], thus winning back some disaffected voters on the far-left.  Meanwhile his unions allies managed to undercut [[George Wallace]]'s appeal to white ethnics.  Once far behind Nixon, Humphrey almost caught up, but failed as the [[New Deal Coalition]] collapsed and the [[Fifth Party System]] ended.

==Senate again==

==Senate again==

He won election to the Senate again in 1970 and 1976, then died in office.  

He won election to the Senate again in 1970 and 1976. In 1977 he tried to become Senate majority leader. As an advocate of activist government, Humphrey campaigned on a traditional liberal agenda. Humphrey's association with Johnson's discredited big-government policies, the war in Vietnam, and the New Deal tradition hurt his campaign. Democratic senators, especially the newer and younger members, wanted a Senate leader who would assist them in pursuing the legislative interests of their constituency rather than one who would advocate for an ideological agenda. Conservative Democrat [[Robert C. Byrd]] of West Virginia was elected Senate leader because he favored a more limited role for government and would facilitate the programs of his peers rather than the traditional policies of his party.<ref> Iwan W. Morgan, "Hubert Humphrey's Last Hurrah: The 1977 Senate

 

Humphrey died in office of cancer.

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

 

==Notes & References==

==Notes & References==

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[[Category:1960s]]

[[Category:1960s]]

[[Category:1950s]]

[[Category:1950s]]