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'''Herbert Clark Hoover'''<ref>http://home.comcast.net/~sharonday7/Presidents/AP060301.htm</ref> was the 31st [[President of the United States of America]] following [[Calvin Coolidge]] and preceding [[Franklin Roosevelt]] and was the [[United States Secretary of Commerce]] under President [[Calvin Coolidge]]. He was the major political leader of the [[Progressive Era]] in the 1920s, and famous for his devotion to duty, to efficiency, and to humanitarian public service. His reputation fell when he was unable to reverse the [[Great Depression]], and he became the object of attacks by Democrats for the next four decades. He was a hero to most conservatives, including senators [[Robert Taft]] and [[Barry Goldwater]].
'''Herbert Clark Hoover'''<ref>http://home.comcast.net/~sharonday7/Presidents/AP060301.htm</ref> was the 31st [[President of the United States of America]] 1929-33, a Republican best known for his inability to prevent the collapse of the U.S. economy into the [[Great Depression]]. he was defeated for reelection by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in a major realignment that marked the beginning of the [[New Deal]] and the [[Fifth party System]]. Hoover liveed another three decades, mostly as a bitterly reviled target of liberal and Democratic hatreds, while hailed by conservatives as a great, albeit tragic, American hero.
Hoover, building a orld reputation as a humanitarian for his successful efforts to prevent starvation in Europe in the wake of [{World War I]], and his remarkable leadership of the business community as Secretary of Commerce (1921-28), was the major political leader of the [[Progressive Era]] in the 1920s. His name was a byword for devotion to duty, efficiency, and humanitarian public service. His reputation fell when he was unable to reverse the [[Great Depression]], and he became the object of attacks by Democrats for the next four decades. He was a hero to most conservatives, including senators [[Robert Taft]] and [[Barry Goldwater]].
==Early Life==
==Early Life==
Hoover's wife, Lou Henry Hoover, served as the president of the Girl Scouts. <ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/lh31.html</ref>
Hoover's wife, Lou Henry Hoover, served as the president of the Girl Scouts. <ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/lh31.html</ref>
==Bibliography==
===Basic readings===
* Best, Gary Dean. ''The Politics of American Individualism: Herbert Hoover in Transition, 1918-1921'' (1975) [http://www.questia.com/read/15384473 online edition], by a conservative scholar
* Bornet, Vaughn Davis, ''An Uncommon President.'' In: Herbert Hoover Reassessed. (1981), pp. 71-88, by conservative scholar
* Burner, David. ''Herbert Hoover: A Public Life''. (1979). good one-volume biography by a liberal historian
* Fausold, Martin L. ''The Presidency of Herbert C. Hoover.'' (1985) standard scholarly overview.
* Fausold Martin L. and George Mazuzan, eds. ''The Hoover Presidency: A Reappraisal'' (1974).
* Hawley, Ellis. ''Herbert Hoover as Secretary of Commerce: Studies in New Era Thought and Practice'' (1981). A major reinterpretation.
* Hawley, Ellis. "Herbert Hoover, the Commerce Secretariat, and the Vision of an 'Associative State,' 1921-1928." ''Journal of American History'' 61 (1974): 116-140. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1918256 in JSTOR]
* Hoff-Wilson, Joan. ''Herbert Hoover: Forgotten Progressive.'' (1975). short favorable biography
* Kennedy, David M. ''Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945'' (1999), the major scholarly synthesis [http://www.questia.com/read/52284041 online edition]
* Nash, George H. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer 1874-1914'' (1983), the definitive scholarly biography, by a leading conservative scholar
** Nash, George H. ''Life of Herbert Hoover: The Humanitarian, 1914-1917'' (1988), vol. 2. [http://www.amazon.com/Life-Herbert-Hoover-Humanitarian-1914-1917/dp/0393025500/ref=sr_1_7/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193933296&sr=1-7 excerpt and text search]
** Nash, George H. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: Master of Emergencies, 1917-1918'' (1996), vol. 3
* Robinson, Edgar Eugene and Vaughn Davis Bornet. ''Herbert Hoover: President of the United States.'' (1976), conservative views
* Romasco, Albert U. ''The Poverty of Abundance: Hoover, the Nation, the Depression'' (1965).
* Smith, Richard Norton. ''An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover'', (1987), major biography, especially useful for 1933-64.
* Wilbur, Ray Lyman, and Arthur Mastick Hyde. ''The Hoover Policies.'' (1937). In depth description of his administration by two cabinet members.
===Secondary sources===
* [http://millercenter.virginia.edu/scripps/reference/bibliographies/hoover.html Long annotated bibliography] via [[University of Virginia]].
* Barber, William J. ''From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the Economists, and American Economic Policy, 1921-1933.'' (1985). [http://www.amazon.com/New-Era-Deal-Economists-Perspectives/dp/0521367379/ref=sr_1_21/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193933346&sr=1-21 excerpt and text search]
* Barry, John M. ''Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America'' (1998), Hoover played a major role.
* Best, Gary Dean. ''The Politics of American Individualism: Herbert Hoover in Transition, 1918-1921'' (1975) [http://www.questia.com/read/15384473 online edition]
* Bornet, Vaughn Davis, ''An Uncommon President.'' In: Herbert Hoover Reassessed. (1981), pp. 71-88.
*Britten, Thomas A. "Hoover and the Indians: the Case for Continuity in Federal Indian Policy, 1900-1933" ''Historian'' 1999 61(3): 518-538. Issn: 0018-2370
* Burner, David. ''Herbert Hoover: A Public Life''. (1979). good one-volume biography.
* Calder, James D. ''The Origins and Development of Federal Crime Control Policy: Herbert Hoover's Initiatives'' Praeger, 1993.
* Carcasson, Martin. "Herbert Hoover and the Presidential Campaign of 1932: the Failure of Apologia" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 1998 28(2): 349-365.
* Clements, Kendrick A. ''Hoover, Conservation, and Consumerism: Engineering the Good Life.'' U. Press of Kansas, 2000.
* Darling, Jay N. ''As Ding Saw Herbert Hoover'' (1996) editorial cartoons by Darling (mostly pro-Hoover) [http://www.amazon.com/Ding-Herbert-Hoover-Heritage-Collection/dp/0813823439/ref=sr_1_34/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193933525&sr=1-34 excerpt and text search]
* DeConde, Alexander. ''Herbert Hoover's Latin American Policy.'' (1951).
* Dodge, Mark M., ed. ''Herbert Hoover and the Historians.'' (1989).
* Doenecke, Justus D. "Anti-Interventionism of Herbert Hoover" Journal of Libertarian Studies, Summer 1987, 8(2), pp. 311-340. [http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/8_2/8_2_10.pdf online version]
* Fausold, Martin L. ''The Presidency of Herbert C. Hoover.'' (1985) standard scholarly overview.
* Fausold Martin L. and George Mazuzan, eds. ''The Hoover Presidency: A Reappraisal'' (1974).
* Ferrell, Robert H. ''American Diplomacy in the Great Depression: Hoover-Stimson Foreign Policy, 1929-1933.'' (1957).
* Gaddis, Vincent. ''Herbert Hoover, Unemployment, and the Public Sphere: A Conceptual History, 1919–1933.'' (University Press of America, 2005. xxx, 180 pp. isbn 0-7618-3235-1.)
* Gelfand, Lawrence E. ed., ''Herbert Hoover: The Great War and Its Aftermath, 1914-1923'' (1979).
* Goodman, Mark and Gring, Mark. "The Ideological Fight over Creation of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927" ''Journalism History'' 2000 26(3): 117-124.
* Hamilton, David E. ''From New Day to New Deal: American Farm Policy from Hoover to Roosevelt, 1928-1933.'' (1991).
* Hart, David M. "Herbert Hoover's Last Laugh: the Enduring Significance of the 'Associative State' in the United States." ''Journal of Policy History'' 1998 10(4): 419-444.
* Hatfield, Mark. ed. ''Herbert Hoover Reassessed'' (2002).
* Hawley, Ellis. ''Herbert Hoover as Secretary of Commerce: Studies in New Era Thought and Practice'' (1981). A major reinterpretation.
* Hawley, Ellis. ''Herbert Hoover and the Historians'' (1989).
* Hawley, Ellis. "Herbert Hoover, the Commerce Secretariat, and the Vision of an 'Associative State,' 1921-1928." ''Journal of American History'' 61 (1974): 116-140.
* Hoff-Wilson, Joan. ''Herbert Hoover: Forgotten Progressive.'' (1975). short biography
* Houck, Davis W. "Rhetoric as Currency: Herbert Hoover and the 1929 Stock Market Crash" ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 2000 3(2): 155-181. Issn: 1094-8392
* Hutchison, Janet. "Building for Babbitt: the State and the Suburban Home Ideal" ''Journal of Policy History'' 1997 9(2): 184-210
* Lee, David D. "Herbert Hoover and the Development of Commercial Aviation, 1921-1926," ''Business History Review'', Vol. 58, No. 1, Transportation (Spring, 1984), pp. 78-102 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3114529 in JSTOR]
* Lichtman, Allan J. ''Prejudice and the Old Politics: The Presidential Election of 1928'' (1979), statistical analysis of voting patterns
* Liebovich, Louis W. ''Bylines in Despair: Herbert Hoover, the Great Depression, and the U.S. News Media'' (1994) [http://www.amazon.com/Bylines-Despair-Herbert-Hoover-Depression/dp/0275948439/ref=sr_1_35/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193933525&sr=1-35 excerpt and text search]
* Lisio, Donald J. ''The President and Protest: Hoover, MacArthur, and the Bonus Riot,'' 2d ed. (1994).
* Lisio, Donald J. ''Hoover, Blacks, and Lily-whites: A Study of Southern Strategies'' (1985)
* Lloyd, Craig. ''Aggressive Introvert: A Study of Herbert Hoover and Public Relations Management, 1912-1932'' (1973).
* Nash, George H. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer 1874-1914'' (1983), the definitive scholarly biography.
* Nash, George H. ''Life of Herbert Hoover: The Humanitarian, 1914-1917'' (1988), vol. 2. [http://www.amazon.com/Life-Herbert-Hoover-Humanitarian-1914-1917/dp/0393025500/ref=sr_1_7/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193933296&sr=1-7 excerpt and text search]
* Nash, George H. ''The Life of Herbert Hoover: Master of Emergencies, 1917-1918'' (1996), vol. 3
* Nash, Lee, ed. ''Understanding Herbert Hoover: Ten Perspectives'' (1987)
* Olson, James S. ''Herbert Hoover and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 1931-1933'' (1977).
* Ortiz, Stephen R. "Rethinking the Bonus March: Federal Bonus Policy, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the Origins of a Protest Movement," ''Journal of Policy History,'' 18 (no. 3, 2006), 275–303.
* Robinson, Edgar Eugene and Vaughn Davis Bornet. ''Herbert Hoover: President of the United States.'' (1976).
* Romasco, Albert U. ''The Poverty of Abundance: Hoover, the Nation, the Depression'' (1965).
* Schwarz, Jordan A. ''The Interregnum of Despair: Hoover, Congress, and the Depression.'' (1970). Hostile to Hoover.
* Smith, Richard Norton. ''An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover'', (1987) covers 1933-64.
* Sobel, Robert. ''Herbert Hoover and the Onset of the Great Depression 1929-1930'' (1975).
* Tracey, Kathleen. ''Herbert Hoover--A Bibliography.'' His Writings and Addresses (1977).
* Walch, Timothy. ed. ''Uncommon Americans: The Lives and Legacies of Herbert and Lou Henri Hoover'' Praeger, 2003.
* Weissman, Benjamin M. ''Herbert Hoover and Famine Relief to Soviet Russia: 1921-1923'' (1974)
* Wilbur, Ray Lyman, and Arthur Mastick Hyde. ''The Hoover Policies.'' (1937). In depth description of his administration by two cabinet members.
* Wueschner, Silvano A. ''Charting Twentieth-Century Monetary Policy: Herbert Hoover and Benjamin Strong, 1917-1927.'' Greenwood, 1999. [http://www.questia.com/read/37781264online edition]
* Zalewski, David A. "A Reconsideration of the Revenue Act of 1932," ''Essays in Economic and Business History,'' 24 (2006), 56–68.
===Primary sources===
* Myers, William Starr and Walter H. Newton, eds. ''The Hoover Administration; a documented narrative''. 1936.
* Hawley, Ellis, ed. ''Herbert Hoover: Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President,'' 4 vols. (1974-1977)
** [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/ available online]
* Hoover, Herbert Clark and Lou Henry Hoover, trans., ''De Re Metallica'', by Agricola, G., The Mining magazine, London, 1912
* Hoover, Herbert C. ''The Challenge to Liberty'', 1934
* Hoover, Herbert C. ''Addresses Upon The American Road, 1933-1938'', 1938
* Hoover, Herbert C. ''Addresses Upon The American Road, 1940-41'', (1941) [http://www.questia.com/read/91318277 online edition]
* Hoover, Herbert C. ''The Problems of Lasting Peace'', with Hugh Gibson, 1942
* Hoover, Herbert C. ''Addresses Upon The American Road, 1945-48'', (1949) [http://www.questia.com/read/74021135 online edition]
* Hoover, Herbert C. ''40 Key Questions about Our Foreign Policy: Answered in Important Addresses and Statements Delivered between 1941 and 1952'' (1952) [http://www.questia.com/read/61545061 online edition]
* Hoover, Herbert C. ''Memoirs.'' New York, 1951–52. 3 vol; ''v. 1. Years of adventure, 1874–1920; v. 2. The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920–1933; v. 3. The Great Depression, 1929–1941.'' [http://www.questia.com/read/7721788 vol 2 online edition]
* Dwight M. Miller and Timothy Walch, eds; ''Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Documentary History.'' Greenwood Press. 1998. [http://www.questia.com/read/15310403 online edition]
==External links==
* [http://hoover.archives.gov/ Herbert Hoover Presidential Library]
* [http://www.hooverassociation.org/index.html Hoover Presidential Library Association]
* {{gutenberg author| id=Herbert+Hoover | name=Herbert Hoover}}
* [http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi139.htm Hoover and Agricola]
* [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/hoover.htm Inaugural Address]
* [http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/showfindingaid.cfm?findaidid=HooverH Audio clips of Hoover's speeches]
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/hh31.html White House Biography]
* [http://www.americanpresident.org/history/herberthoover/ American President.org Biography]
* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/hoover-1.html Herbert Hoover First State of the Union Address]
* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/hoover-2.html Herbert Hoover Second State of the Union Address]
* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/hoover-3.html Herbert Hoover Third State of the Union Address]
* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/union/hoover-4.html Herbert Hoover Fourth State of the Union Address]
* [http://www.davidpietrusza.com/Herbert-Hoover-links.html Herbert Hoover Links]
* Herbert Hoover's 1946 - 1947 factfinding mission to Germany. [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/documents/index.php?pagenumber=1&documentid=24&documentdate=1947-02-28&studycollectionid=mp&nav=OK (Report No.1)], [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/documents/index.php?pagenumber=1&documentid=22&documentdate=1947-03-24&studycollectionid=mp&nav=OK (Report No.3)]
* [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hoover/book.htm Hoover and Truman]
==References==
==References==