17,394
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 9:
Line 9: + + + − + Line 34:
Line 37: − + − Line 45:
Line 47: − − ====Notes==== − <references/>
Woman's Christian Temperance Union (view source)
Revision as of 03:32, February 21, 2009
, 03:32, February 21, 2009no edit summary
After 1900 leadership in the prohibition movement swung away from the WCUA to the [[Anti-Saloon League]], a pressure group run by men. The WCTU still exists today and is the oldest continuing non-sectarian woman's organization in the world.<ref>http://www.wctu.org/history.html</ref>
After 1900 leadership in the prohibition movement swung away from the WCUA to the [[Anti-Saloon League]], a pressure group run by men. The WCTU still exists today and is the oldest continuing non-sectarian woman's organization in the world.<ref>http://www.wctu.org/history.html</ref>
===Wittenmyer===
Annie Turner was the first president (1874-79) of the National WCTU, the outgrowth of the Women's Temperance Crusade, a pre-Civil War spontaneous movement throughout the United States.
As a recently widowed, wealthy woman, Mrs. Wittenmyer became a leader in woman's war service. After the war she returned to church-oriented work and the promotion of the Crusade.
===Willard===
===Willard===
The most prominent leader was [[Frances E. Willard]]. Willard broadened the appeal of membership in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and justified the propriety of women's political involvement through a "feminism of fear," by advocating a new vision for women in society, one that promoted security above rights. Willard emphasized the importance of marital stability and the protection of the middle-class woman's accepted roles of wife and mother over the extension of political rights to women. Concentrating on organizing women at the local level, Willard was highly successful in building the WCTU's membership.<ref>Suzanne M. Marilley, "Frances Willard and the Feminism of Fear." ''Feminist Studies'' 1993 19(1): 123-146. 0046-3663 </ref>
The most prominent leader was [[Frances E. Willard]], who took over in 1879. Willard broadened the appeal of membership in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and justified the propriety of women's political involvement through a "feminism of fear," by advocating a new vision for women in society, one that promoted security above rights. Willard emphasized the importance of marital stability and the protection of the middle-class woman's accepted roles of wife and mother over the extension of political rights to women. Concentrating on organizing women at the local level, Willard was highly successful in building the WCTU's membership.<ref>Suzanne M. Marilley, "Frances Willard and the Feminism of Fear." ''Feminist Studies'' 1993 19(1): 123-146. 0046-3663 </ref>
===Locals===
===Locals===
Typical chapters in small cities consisted of white, middle-class, Protestant women, with very few if any Catholics, Hispanics or African Americans. Their social standing in the community influenced legislators to support prohibition. The chapter favored women suffrage so that women could vote for prohibition, educated the public as to the problems caused by alcohol abuse, and played a major role in the national adoption of the 18th Amendment in 1919-20.
Typical chapters in small cities consisted of white, middle-class, Protestant women, with very few if any Catholics, Hispanics or African Americans. Their social standing in the community influenced legislators to support prohibition. The chapter favored women suffrage so that women could vote for prohibition, educated the public as to the problems caused by alcohol abuse, and played a major role in the national adoption of the 18th Amendment in 1919-20.
* Clark; Norman H. ''Deliver Us From Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition.'' 1976. supports prohibition
* Clark; Norman H. ''Deliver Us From Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition.'' 1976. supports prohibition
* Dannenbaum, Jed. "The Origins of Temperance Activism and Militancy among American Women", ''Journal of Social History'' vol. 14 (1981): 235-36.
* Dannenbaum, Jed. "The Origins of Temperance Activism and Militancy among American Women", ''Journal of Social History'' vol. 14 (1981): 235-36.
* Dannenbaum, Jed. ''Drink and Disorder: Temperance Reform in
* Dannenbaum, Jed. ''Drink and Disorder: Temperance Reform in Cincinnati from the Washingtonian Revival to the WCTU.'' (1984). 245 pp.
Cincinnati from the Washingtonian Revival to the WCTU.'' (1984). 245 pp.
* Gusfield, Joseph R. "Social Structure and Moral Reform: A Study of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union," ''American Journal of Sociology'' 61,No.3 (1955).
* Gusfield, Joseph R. "Social Structure and Moral Reform: A Study of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union," ''American Journal of Sociology'' 61,No.3 (1955).
* Pegram, Thomas R. ''Battling Demon Rum: The Struggle for a Dry America, 1800–1933'' (1998).
* Pegram, Thomas R. ''Battling Demon Rum: The Struggle for a Dry America, 1800–1933'' (1998).
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Prohibition]]
[[Category:Prohibition]]
[[Category:Gilded Age]]
[[Category:Gilded Age]]