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'''Henry VIII''' (June 28, 1491, to January 28, 1547) was the King of [[England]] and Lord of [[Ireland]] from April 22, 1509, until his death. A larger-than-life man, he was the second monarch of the [[Tudor Dynasty]] succeeding his father [[Henry VII]] and was one of the most powerful and formative rulers in British history.  Henry was a powerfully built, athletic, attractive, domineering charismatic man, educated and accomplished.  He was the last English king to rule with absolute power. His need for a male heir to perpetuate the Tudor Dynasty led to his six marriages. He fashioned the [[English Reformation]] as a compromise between the [[Lutheran]]s and [[Calvinist]]s on the one hand and the [[Catholic]]s on the other, and made the [[Church of England]] subordinate to the king.  His public image is lustful, egotistical, deceitful, opinionated, and insecure when dealing with his wives, and his vast wasteful luxuries and useless wars depleted the treasury.

'''Henry VIII''' (June 28, 1491, to January 28, 1547) was the King of [[England]] and Lord of [[Ireland]] from April 22, 1509, until his death. A larger-than-life man and one of England's most famous monarchs, he was the second monarch of the [[Tudor Dynasty]] succeeding his father [[Henry VII]] and was one of the most powerful and formative rulers in British history.  Henry was a powerfully built, athletic, attractive, domineering charismatic man, educated and accomplished.  He was the last English king to rule with absolute power. His need for a male heir to perpetuate the Tudor Dynasty led to his six marriages. He fashioned the [[English Reformation]] as a compromise between the [[Lutheran]]s and [[Calvinist]]s on the one hand and the [[Catholic]]s on the other, and made the [[Church of England]] subordinate to the king.  His public image is lustful, egotistical, deceitful, opinionated, and insecure when dealing with his wives, and his vast wasteful luxuries and useless wars depleted the treasury.

== Early life==

== Early life==

===Later marriages===

===Later marriages===

In 1536 the death of Katherine of Aragon freed Henry for an unquestionably lawful marriage. In 1536 he chose [[Jane Seymour]] (1509-1537), who died the next year of natural causes after providing a son, the future King [[Edward VI]]. In 1540, Cromwell's Protestant policy involved marriage to [[Anne of Cleves]] (1515–57), whom Henry disliked from the first. The marriage remained unconsummated and ended in annulment. In August 1540 Henry made a love match with [[Catherine Howard]] (1521–1542), but being far younger than him, she did not share a mutual attraction; she was beheaded for adultery. Finally in 1543, he settled for a more placid consort in [[Catherine Parr]] (1512–48).

In 1536 the death of Katherine of Aragon freed Henry for an unquestionably lawful marriage. In 1536 he chose [[Jane Seymour]] (1509-1537), who died the next year of natural causes after providing a son, the future King [[Edward VI]]. In 1540, Cromwell's Protestant policy involved marriage to [[Anne of Cleves]] (1515–57), whom Henry disliked from the first. The marriage remained unconsummated and ended in annulment. In August 1540 Henry made a love match with [[Catherine Howard]] (1521–1542), but being far younger than him, she may not have shared a mutual attraction; she was beheaded, accused of adultery. Finally in 1543, he settled for a more placid consort in [[Catherine Parr]] (1512–48).

By 1540 the vigor had gone out of the reign and out of Henry. The debacle of the Cleves marriage cost Cromwell his head and Henry his leading minister. Overconfidence drew the king once more into a continental and Scottish war (1542-1546), a war that gained no glory but whose expense ruined the English economy. In 1541 Henry became king of Ireland (previously he was "Ruler of Ireland.")

By 1540 the vigor had gone out of the reign and out of Henry. The debacle of the Cleves marriage cost Cromwell his head and Henry his leading minister. Overconfidence drew the king once more into a continental and Scottish war (1542-1546), a war that gained no glory but whose expense ruined the English economy. In 1541 Henry became king of Ireland (previously he was "Ruler of Ireland.")