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===Another "Great Schism"===

===Another "Great Schism"===

While nation-states were rising, and kings were gaining more and more authority, controversy arose over who held supreme authority: the pope or the king.  “The Great Schism” (1378-1417) was an argument resulting in French cardinals electing an “antipope” (Clement VII) in order to dispute the authority of recently elected Pope Urban VI.  This and other controversies set the stage for the Protestant Reformation.

While nation-states were rising, particularly in England and France, and as kings were gaining more and more authority, controversy arose over who held supreme authority: the pope or the king.  “The Great Schism” occurred in 1378-1417, which is not to be confused with the split between the West and East centuries earlier.  This schism was an internal dispute within the Catholic Church resulting in French cardinals electing an “antipope” (Clement VII) in order to dispute the authority of recently elected Pope Urban VI.  This and other controversies within the Catholic Church set the stage for the Protestant Reformation about 100 years later.

===Hundred Years' War===

===Hundred Years' War===