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| | [[image:Johnbrown.jpg|200px|thumb|John Brown. Ca. 1850]] | | [[image:Johnbrown.jpg|200px|thumb|John Brown. Ca. 1850]] |
| − | '''John Brown''' (May 9, 1800-December 2, 1859) was a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] [[abolitionist]] whose devotion to the cause of ending [[slavery]] made him a key figure in the years leading up to the [[Civil War]]. Unlike some other abolitionists, Brown believed that the use of violence was morally justifiable in the fight against slavery. He was born into a [[Christian]] family, and was taught from a young age that slavery was incompatible with the message of the [[Bible]]. <ref>http://www.civilwarhome.com/johnbrownbio.htm</ref> | + | '''John Brown''' (May 9, 1800-December 2, 1859) was a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] [[abolitionist]] whose violent actions to hurt [[slavery]] helped start the [[American Civil War]]. His raid on [[Harper's Ferry]] Virginia in 1859 was designed to start a slave insurrection, but no slaves joined and it failed. Brown was tried and hung for treason to the state of Virginia. |
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| | + | Unlike most abolitionists, Brown believed that the use of violence was morally justifiable in the fight against slavery. He was born into a [[Christian]] family, and was taught from a young age that slavery was incompatible with the message of the [[Bible]]. <ref>http://www.civilwarhome.com/johnbrownbio.htm</ref> |
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| | Brown became a part of the [[Underground Railroad]], then went to the newly formed territory of [[Kansas]] in 1855 to participate in the fight between the "[[free stater]]s" and the pro-slavery "[[Bushwhackers]]". In May 1856, Brown and several other men (including four of his sons) attacked the homes of slavery supporters near Pottawatomie Creek in [[Kansas]] and killed all of the inhabitants with swords. In 1859, Brown led 21 men in an attack on a federal arsenal in [[Harper's Ferry]], [[Virginia]] (note: Harper's Ferry is now part of [[West Virginia]]), intending to arm slaves in [[slave revolt]]s. The raid failed, and Brown was hanged on December 2. | | Brown became a part of the [[Underground Railroad]], then went to the newly formed territory of [[Kansas]] in 1855 to participate in the fight between the "[[free stater]]s" and the pro-slavery "[[Bushwhackers]]". In May 1856, Brown and several other men (including four of his sons) attacked the homes of slavery supporters near Pottawatomie Creek in [[Kansas]] and killed all of the inhabitants with swords. In 1859, Brown led 21 men in an attack on a federal arsenal in [[Harper's Ferry]], [[Virginia]] (note: Harper's Ferry is now part of [[West Virginia]]), intending to arm slaves in [[slave revolt]]s. The raid failed, and Brown was hanged on December 2. |
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| | "Tragic Prelude", a famous mural by John Steuart Curry depicting Brown holding a rifle in one hand and a Bible in the other, is prominently displayed in the Kansas State Capitol in [[Topeka]]. <ref>http://www.governor.ks.gov/Facts/kscapitol_johnbrown.htm</ref> | | "Tragic Prelude", a famous mural by John Steuart Curry depicting Brown holding a rifle in one hand and a Bible in the other, is prominently displayed in the Kansas State Capitol in [[Topeka]]. <ref>http://www.governor.ks.gov/Facts/kscapitol_johnbrown.htm</ref> |
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| | + | ==Further reading== |
| | + | * Reynolds, David S. ''John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights'' (2006) says Brown was justified in practicing terrorism |
| | + | * Villard, Oswald Garrison. ''John Brown, 1800-1859: A Biography Fifty Years After'' (1910) 738 pages, a better balanced biography by an abolitionist [http://books.google.com/books?id=JVZ9Xn_qY4MC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:john+intitle:brown+inauthor:villard&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2009&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES full text online] |
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
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| | [[Category:Kansas]] | | [[Category:Kansas]] |
| | [[Category:Abolitionists]] | | [[Category:Abolitionists]] |
| | + | [[Category:Terrorism]] |