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A '''hospital''' is a health facility where [[patient]]s receive care, by trained doctors, nurses and other professionals.
A '''hospital''' is a health facility where [[patient]]s receive care, by trained doctors, nurses and other professionals.
==Medieval==
In medieval Europe, many hospitals were founded by Christian religious orders such as the [[Knights of St. John]].
In medieval Europe, many hospitals were founded by Christian religious orders such as the [[Knights of St. John]].
In Florence, Italy, the most active period for hospital foundation beginning in the mid-thirteenth century was linked to population growth. Specialized hospitals served a variety of different groups, such as women, religious pilgrims, the old, the destitute, etc. As civic authorites worried more and more about contageous diseases and epidemics, the priority shifted to the medical treatment of the sick poor. Most new hospitals were created by philanthropic local bankers and businessmen, but the city oversaw hospitals, perceiving them as socially useful institutions both for assisting and for controlling the poor. The number, size, and facilities of Florence's hospitals, and the beauty of their buildings, became a source of frequently expressed civic pride.
==Science==
Hospital care has improved greatly over earlier times due to the work of [[Louis Pasteur]] on germ theory and [[Joseph Lister]] who implemented [[antiseptic]] cleaning.
Hospital care has improved greatly over earlier times due to the work of [[Louis Pasteur]] on germ theory and [[Joseph Lister]] who implemented [[antiseptic]] cleaning.
==Missionaries==
==Missionaries==
* Finzsch, Norbert and Jütte, Robert, eds. ''Institutions of Confinement: Hospitals, Asylums, and Prisons in Western Europe and North America, 1500-1950.'' (1996). 369 pp.
* Finzsch, Norbert and Jütte, Robert, eds. ''Institutions of Confinement: Hospitals, Asylums, and Prisons in Western Europe and North America, 1500-1950.'' (1996). 369 pp.
* Green, Carol C. ''Chimborazo: The Confederacy's Largest Hospital.'' (2004) 200pp.
* Green, Carol C. ''Chimborazo: The Confederacy's Largest Hospital.'' (2004) 200pp.
* Henderson, John. ''The Renaissance Hospital: Healing the Body and Healing the Soul.'' (2006) 492 pp.
* Kraut, Alan M. and Deborah A. Kraut. ''Covenant of Care: Newark Beth Israel and the Jewish Hospital in America'' (2007) [http://www.questia.com/read/114708785?title=Covenant%20of%20Care%3a%20%20Newark%20Beth%20Israel%20and%20the%20Jewish%20Hospital%20in%20America online edition]
* Kraut, Alan M. and Deborah A. Kraut. ''Covenant of Care: Newark Beth Israel and the Jewish Hospital in America'' (2007) [http://www.questia.com/read/114708785?title=Covenant%20of%20Care%3a%20%20Newark%20Beth%20Israel%20and%20the%20Jewish%20Hospital%20in%20America online edition]
* Loudon, Irvine. ''Western Medicine: An Illustrated History'' (1997) [http://www.questia.com/read/97988313?title=Western%20Medicine%3a%20An%20Illustrated%20History online edition]
* Loudon, Irvine. ''Western Medicine: An Illustrated History'' (1997) [http://www.questia.com/read/97988313?title=Western%20Medicine%3a%20An%20Illustrated%20History online edition]
* Nelson, Sioban. ''Say Little, Do Much: Nursing, Nuns, and Hospitals in the Nineteenth Century.'' (2001). 240 pp.
* Nelson, Sioban. ''Say Little, Do Much: Nursing, Nuns, and Hospitals in the Nineteenth Century.'' (2001). 240 pp.
* Opdycke, Sandra. ''No One Was Turned Away: The Role of Public
* Opdycke, Sandra. ''No One Was Turned Away: The Role of Public Hospitals in New York City since 1900.'' (1999). 244 pp.
Hospitals in New York City since 1900.'' (1999). 244 pp.
* Rice, Mitchell F. and Woodrow Jones Jr.''Public Policy and the Black Hospital: From Slavery to Segregation to Integration'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/read/27438297?title=Public%20Policy%20and%20the%20Black%20Hospital%3a%20From%20Slavery%20to%20Segregation%20to%20Integration online edition]
* Rice, Mitchell F. and Woodrow Jones Jr.''Public Policy and the Black Hospital: From Slavery to Segregation to Integration'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/read/27438297?title=Public%20Policy%20and%20the%20Black%20Hospital%3a%20From%20Slavery%20to%20Segregation%20to%20Integration online edition]
* Risse, Guenter B. ''Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of
* Risse, Guenter B. ''Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals.'' (1999). 716 pp. standard scholarly history
Hospitals.'' (1999). 716 pp. standard scholarly history
* Schultz, Jane E. ''Women at the Front: Hospital Workers in Civil War America.'' (2004) 360pp.
* Schultz, Jane E. ''Women at the Front: Hospital Workers in Civil War America.'' (2004) 360pp.