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| | ==Identity== | | ==Identity== |
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| − | Growing interest in the identity of the two witnesses of Revelation 11 and the timing of their appearance, has inspired [[Eschatology|eschatological]] debate for centuries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wcg.org/lit/bible/Rev/2witnesses.htm |title=The Two Witnesses |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Kroll |first=Paul |year=1999 |publisher=Worldwide Church of God}}</ref> Are they two literal individuals or are they symbolic of a concept (e.g., the Old and New Testaments of the Bible<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tagnet.org/cyberspace/Lessons/Fut-057/fut1-057.html|title=If I Were Told the Future -- Lesson 57: The Two Witnesses |accessdate=2007-06-26 |year=2002 |work=Cyberspace Ministry}}</ref>) or corporate entities which symbolize peoples? Are they here now<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keyway.ca/htm2002/herenow.htm |title=Are The Two Witnesses Here Now? |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Blank |first=Wayne |work=Daily Bible Study |publisher=The Church of God}}</ref> if they are personified - or are they yet future, as [[Millenialism|millenarian]] Hal Lindsey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:lQb5fAcu260J:www.raptureready.com/featured/HalLindsey.html+Hal+Lindsey+The+Two+Witnesses&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=5|title=Hal Lindsey}}</ref> claims they are - ready to appear on the [[Apocalypse|apocalyptic]] scene, along with the [[Antichrist]]? Perhaps they represent the witnessing Church<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apocalipsis.org/downloads/revelatn.pdf |title=Revelation: A Reference Commentary |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Taylor |first=R A |date=[[2000]]-[[03-17]] |format=PDF |pages=111-112}} </ref> since Jesus sent out his disciples "two by two".<ref>Mark 6:7.</ref> On the other hand, could they be some form of reincarnation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elevated.fsnet.co.uk/index-page14.html |title=Reincarnation and Christianity |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Millett |first=Michael G |work=Elevated Therapy International}}</ref> of Moses and Elijah<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuQA_qaID=1&cuTopic_topicID=77&cuItem_itemID=14532|title=WELS Topical Q&A: Endtime/Prophecies Two Witnesses|accessdate=2007-06-26 |year=2007 |work=Communication Services |publisher=Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod}}</ref> because both of them were prophets; Moses<ref>Exodus 7:16-18.</ref> struck the waters of the Nile and they turned into blood; and Elijah<ref>1 Kings 17:1-7.</ref> commanded the heavens that it rained not and did so for three-and-one-half years.<ref>James 5:17.</ref> Indeed, the other witness may be Enoch<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apocalypsesoon.org/xfile-11.html |title=Eight Good Reasons Why Enoch Must Be One of the Two Witnesses! |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Wunderlich |first=Bob |work=Apocalypse Soon: The Xcellent Files}}</ref> (i.e., Elijah and Enoch), because he, like Elijah "was taken"<ref>Hebrews 11:5.</ref> (i.e., did not suffer physical death). They could simply be two Jewish prophets (as the ''[[Left Behind]] Series'' claims<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leftbehind.com/channelfree.asp?pageid=1284&channelID=175 |title=Who Are the Two Witnesses? |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=LaHaye |first=Tim, et al. |year=2004 |work=The Authorized Left Behind Handbook}}</ref>) who in the period of the 70th Week of Daniel (yet future or partial<ref>{{cite | + | Growing interest in the identity of the two witnesses of Revelation 11 and the timing of their appearance, has inspired Eschatological debate for centuries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wcg.org/lit/bible/Rev/2witnesses.htm |title=The Two Witnesses |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Kroll |first=Paul |year=1999 |publisher=Worldwide Church of God}}</ref> Are they two literal individuals or are they symbolic of a concept (e.g., the Old and New Testaments of the Bible<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tagnet.org/cyberspace/Lessons/Fut-057/fut1-057.html|title=If I Were Told the Future -- Lesson 57: The Two Witnesses |accessdate=2007-06-26 |year=2002 |work=Cyberspace Ministry}}</ref>) or corporate entities which symbolize peoples? Are they here now<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keyway.ca/htm2002/herenow.htm |title=Are The Two Witnesses Here Now? |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Blank |first=Wayne |work=Daily Bible Study |publisher=The Church of God}}</ref> if they are personified - or are they yet future, as [[Millenialism|millenarian]] Hal Lindsey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:lQb5fAcu260J:www.raptureready.com/featured/HalLindsey.html+Hal+Lindsey+The+Two+Witnesses&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=5|title=Hal Lindsey}}</ref> claims they are - ready to appear on the [[Apocalypse|apocalyptic]] scene, along with the [[Antichrist]]? Perhaps they represent the witnessing Church<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apocalipsis.org/downloads/revelatn.pdf |title=Revelation: A Reference Commentary |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Taylor |first=R A |date=[[2000]]-[[03-17]] |format=PDF |pages=111-112}} </ref> since Jesus sent out his disciples "two by two".<ref>Mark 6:7.</ref> On the other hand, could they be some form of reincarnation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elevated.fsnet.co.uk/index-page14.html |title=Reincarnation and Christianity |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Millett |first=Michael G |work=Elevated Therapy International}}</ref> of Moses and Elijah<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuQA_qaID=1&cuTopic_topicID=77&cuItem_itemID=14532|title=WELS Topical Q&A: Endtime/Prophecies Two Witnesses|accessdate=2007-06-26 |year=2007 |work=Communication Services |publisher=Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod}}</ref> because both of them were prophets; Moses<ref>Exodus 7:16-18.</ref> struck the waters of the Nile and they turned into blood; and Elijah<ref>1 Kings 17:1-7.</ref> commanded the heavens that it rained not and did so for three-and-one-half years.<ref>James 5:17.</ref> Indeed, the other witness may be Enoch<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apocalypsesoon.org/xfile-11.html |title=Eight Good Reasons Why Enoch Must Be One of the Two Witnesses! |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Wunderlich |first=Bob |work=Apocalypse Soon: The Xcellent Files}}</ref> (i.e., Elijah and Enoch), because he, like Elijah "was taken"<ref>Hebrews 11:5.</ref> (i.e., did not suffer physical death). They could simply be two Jewish prophets (as the ''[[Left Behind]] Series'' claims<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leftbehind.com/channelfree.asp?pageid=1284&channelID=175 |title=Who Are the Two Witnesses? |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=LaHaye |first=Tim, et al. |year=2004 |work=The Authorized Left Behind Handbook}}</ref>) who in the period of the 70th Week of Daniel (yet future or partial<ref>{{cite |
| | | | |
| | web|url=http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/m.sion/70wedan9.htm|title=Daniel 9:24-27|accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Amy |first=Stephen |work=Worship at the Altar}}</ref> come in the power of Moses and Elijah and are representative of the law (Moses) and the prophets (Elijah)).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblia.com/bible/rev11.htm |title=The Temple... and the Two Witnesses |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Dominguez |first=J}}</ref> Indeed, some claim that the notion of a yet future 70th Week of Daniel is a Catholic (Jesuit) conspiracy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.godssabbathtruth.com/sabbath-antichrist.html |title=The Great Catholic Diversion Revealed |accessdate=2007-06-27 |year=2006 |work=Sabbath & Antichrist Truth Revealed |publisher=GodsSabbathTruth.com}}</ref> to take the heat off the papacy as the "seat of the antichrist system"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=795&contentID=4441&shortcutID=5297|title=Statement on the Antichrist |accessdate=2007-06-27 |year=2007 |work=CICR: WELS Doctrinal Statements |publisher=Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod}}</ref> and to place the onus on a yet future and literal person who will be the incarnation of Satan himself<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepropheticyears.com/The%20book%20of%20Revelation/Revelation%20Chapter%2017.htm |title=Revelation chapter 17 commentary |accessdate=2007-06-27 |last=Koenig |first=Don |year=2004 |work=The Revelation of Jesus Christ Through the Ages}}</ref> - who, as the beast will "make war against them, overcome them, and kill them"<ref>Revelation 11:7.</ref> -- hence, this prophecy of a future personification of "The Antichrist" is erroneous and has already been fulfilled<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/m.sion/da70fufu.htm |title=Daniel's 70th Week--Future or Fulfilled? |accessdate=2007-06-27 |publisher=Used by permission from Ralph Woodrow}}</ref> in history. To be certain - Roman Catholic eschatology affirms the coming of the Antichrist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01559a.htm |title=Antichrist |accessdate=2007-06-27 |year=1907 |work=The Catholic Encyclopedia}}</ref> | | web|url=http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/m.sion/70wedan9.htm|title=Daniel 9:24-27|accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Amy |first=Stephen |work=Worship at the Altar}}</ref> come in the power of Moses and Elijah and are representative of the law (Moses) and the prophets (Elijah)).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblia.com/bible/rev11.htm |title=The Temple... and the Two Witnesses |accessdate=2007-06-26 |last=Dominguez |first=J}}</ref> Indeed, some claim that the notion of a yet future 70th Week of Daniel is a Catholic (Jesuit) conspiracy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.godssabbathtruth.com/sabbath-antichrist.html |title=The Great Catholic Diversion Revealed |accessdate=2007-06-27 |year=2006 |work=Sabbath & Antichrist Truth Revealed |publisher=GodsSabbathTruth.com}}</ref> to take the heat off the papacy as the "seat of the antichrist system"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=795&contentID=4441&shortcutID=5297|title=Statement on the Antichrist |accessdate=2007-06-27 |year=2007 |work=CICR: WELS Doctrinal Statements |publisher=Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod}}</ref> and to place the onus on a yet future and literal person who will be the incarnation of Satan himself<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepropheticyears.com/The%20book%20of%20Revelation/Revelation%20Chapter%2017.htm |title=Revelation chapter 17 commentary |accessdate=2007-06-27 |last=Koenig |first=Don |year=2004 |work=The Revelation of Jesus Christ Through the Ages}}</ref> - who, as the beast will "make war against them, overcome them, and kill them"<ref>Revelation 11:7.</ref> -- hence, this prophecy of a future personification of "The Antichrist" is erroneous and has already been fulfilled<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/m.sion/da70fufu.htm |title=Daniel's 70th Week--Future or Fulfilled? |accessdate=2007-06-27 |publisher=Used by permission from Ralph Woodrow}}</ref> in history. To be certain - Roman Catholic eschatology affirms the coming of the Antichrist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01559a.htm |title=Antichrist |accessdate=2007-06-27 |year=1907 |work=The Catholic Encyclopedia}}</ref> |
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| | ==See also== | | ==See also== |
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| − | *[[Historicism (Christian eschatology)|Historicism]] - Historicism is an eschatological system of prophetic interpretation derived from the Protestant Reformation and holds that the prophecies of the Bible have taken place throughout history (many have been fulfilled) - some still will be fulfilled. | + | *Historicism(Christian eschatology) - Historicism is an eschatological system of prophetic interpretation derived from the Protestant Reformation and holds that the prophecies of the Bible have taken place throughout history (many have been fulfilled) - some still will be fulfilled. |
| − | *[[Futurism (Christian eschatology)|Futurism]] - Biblical Futurism asserts that most of the relevant prophetic themes of Christian and Hebrew Scripture are yet future - the "end times" prophecies are mainly found outside the immediate time frame but could unravel any time - most hold to a literal, physical, apocalyptic and global view of Bible prophecies. | + | *Futurism (Christian eschatology) - Biblical Futurism asserts that most of the relevant prophetic themes of Christian and Hebrew Scripture are yet future - the "end times" prophecies are mainly found outside the immediate time frame but could unravel any time - most hold to a literal, physical, apocalyptic and global view of Bible prophecies. |
| | *[[Preterism]] - A variant of Christian eschatology which holds that some or all of the biblical prophecies concerning the Last Days (or End Times) refer to events which actually happened in the first century after Christ's birth. | | *[[Preterism]] - A variant of Christian eschatology which holds that some or all of the biblical prophecies concerning the Last Days (or End Times) refer to events which actually happened in the first century after Christ's birth. |
| − | *[[Partial Preterism]] - A form of Christian eschatology that holds much in common with but is distinct from Full preterism (or 'consistent' or 'hyper' preterism) in that it places the events of most of the Book of Revelation as occurring during the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD (and/or the Fall of Rome several centuries later) yet still affirms an orthodox future bodily return of Christ to earth at an unknown day and hour. | + | *Partial Preterism - A form of Christian eschatology that holds much in common with but is distinct from Full preterism (or 'consistent' or 'hyper' preterism) in that it places the events of most of the Book of Revelation as occurring during the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD (and/or the Fall of Rome several centuries later) yet still affirms an orthodox future bodily return of Christ to earth at an unknown day and hour. |
| − | *[[Idealism (Christian eschatology)|Idealism]] - Idealism (also called the 'Spiritual view') in Christian eschatology is an interpretation of the Book of Revelation that sees all of the imagery of the book as non-literal symbols which are perpetually and cyclically fulfilled in a spiritual sense during the conflict between the Kingdom of God and the forces of Satan throughout the time from the first advent to the Second Coming of Christ. | + | *Idealism (Christian eschatology) - Idealism (also called the 'Spiritual view') in Christian eschatology is an interpretation of the Book of Revelation that sees all of the imagery of the book as non-literal symbols which are perpetually and cyclically fulfilled in a spiritual sense during the conflict between the Kingdom of God and the forces of Satan throughout the time from the first advent to the Second Coming of Christ. |
| − | *[[Millennialism]] - Millennialism (or chiliasm), from millennium, which literally means "thousand years", is primarily a belief expressed in some Christian denominations, and literature, that there will be a Golden Age or Paradise on Earth where "Christ will reign" prior to the final judgment and future eternal state, primarily derived from the book of Revelation 20:1-6. Millennialism as such is a specific form of Millenarianism. | + | *Millennialism - Millennialism (or chiliasm), from millennium, which literally means "thousand years", is primarily a belief expressed in some Christian denominations, and literature, that there will be a Golden Age or Paradise on Earth where "Christ will reign" prior to the final judgment and future eternal state, primarily derived from the book of Revelation 20:1-6. Millennialism as such is a specific form of Millenarianism. |
| | *[[Postmillennialism]] - In Christian eschatology, postmillennialism is an interpretation of chapter 20 of the Book of Revelation which sees Christ's second coming as occurring after or post- the thousand year "millennium". | | *[[Postmillennialism]] - In Christian eschatology, postmillennialism is an interpretation of chapter 20 of the Book of Revelation which sees Christ's second coming as occurring after or post- the thousand year "millennium". |
| | *[[Premillennialism]] - Christian eschatology which holds the belief that Christ will literally reign on the earth for 1,000 years at his second coming. The doctrine is called premillennialism because it views the current age as prior to Christ's kingdom. It is distinct from other forms of eschatology such as amillennialism, postmillennialism, and preterism which view the kingdom as figurative and non-temporal, or as currently occurring in history before Christ's coming. Premillennialism is largely based upon a literal interpretation of Revelation 20:1-6 in the New Testament which describes Christ's coming to the earth and subsequent reign at the end of an apocalyptic period of tribulation. It views this future age as a time of fulfillment for the prophetic hope of God's people as given in the Old Testament. | | *[[Premillennialism]] - Christian eschatology which holds the belief that Christ will literally reign on the earth for 1,000 years at his second coming. The doctrine is called premillennialism because it views the current age as prior to Christ's kingdom. It is distinct from other forms of eschatology such as amillennialism, postmillennialism, and preterism which view the kingdom as figurative and non-temporal, or as currently occurring in history before Christ's coming. Premillennialism is largely based upon a literal interpretation of Revelation 20:1-6 in the New Testament which describes Christ's coming to the earth and subsequent reign at the end of an apocalyptic period of tribulation. It views this future age as a time of fulfillment for the prophetic hope of God's people as given in the Old Testament. |
| − | *[[Amillennialism]] -Amillennialism (from the Latin prefix meaning "no", ''mille'', meaning "thousand", and ''annum'' meaning "year") is a view in Christian eschatology named for its denial of a future, thousand-year, physical reign of Jesus Christ on the earth, as espoused in the premillennial and some postmillennial views of the Book of Revelation, chapter 20. | + | *Amillennialism -Amillennialism (from the Latin prefix meaning "no", ''mille'', meaning "thousand", and ''annum'' meaning "year") is a view in Christian eschatology named for its denial of a future, thousand-year, physical reign of Jesus Christ on the earth, as espoused in the premillennial and some postmillennial views of the Book of Revelation, chapter 20. |
| | *[[Tribulation|The Tribulation]] - The Tribulation (or "Great Tribulation") is an event referred to in the New Testament of the Bible at Matthew 24:21 ("For then shall be great tribulation..." - King James Version) and other passages. In the futurist view of Christian eschatology, the Tribulation is a relatively short period of time where believers will experience worldwide persecution and be purified and strengthened by it. | | *[[Tribulation|The Tribulation]] - The Tribulation (or "Great Tribulation") is an event referred to in the New Testament of the Bible at Matthew 24:21 ("For then shall be great tribulation..." - King James Version) and other passages. In the futurist view of Christian eschatology, the Tribulation is a relatively short period of time where believers will experience worldwide persecution and be purified and strengthened by it. |
| | *[[Rapture]] - The rapture (''harpazo'' in Greek in 1 Thessalonians 4:17) is the common description of the event in Christian eschatology in which Christians will be "taken" or "caught up" from Earth to Heaven to be with Jesus Christ. | | *[[Rapture]] - The rapture (''harpazo'' in Greek in 1 Thessalonians 4:17) is the common description of the event in Christian eschatology in which Christians will be "taken" or "caught up" from Earth to Heaven to be with Jesus Christ. |
| − | *[[Post Tribulation Rapture]] - This doctrine holds that there is a Resurrection-Rapture of living believers in Jesus Christ at the end of the age (or the "End times"). Posttribulationists believe that Christians will not be taken up into Heaven at the rapture, but will gathered by the angels to meet Christ in the air, then return with him to enter the millennium on earth. | + | *Post Tribulation Rapture - This doctrine holds that there is a Resurrection-Rapture of living believers in Jesus Christ at the end of the age (or the "End times"). Posttribulationists believe that Christians will not be taken up into Heaven at the rapture, but will gathered by the angels to meet Christ in the air, then return with him to enter the millennium on earth. |
| − | *[[Prewrath|Prewrath Rapture]] - The Prewrath View (also known as Mid Tribulation Raptureplaces the rapture of the Church after the mid-point of a yet future 70th Week of Daniel--i.e., after the "abomination of desolation" - also holds that a side-by-side comparison of the wording of the sixth seal (Revelation 6:12-13) and the signs in Matthew 24:29 that announce the Second Coming of Jesus and the rapture of the Church indicate that they are the same event. Therefore, the rapture described in Matthew 24:29-31 can be placed after the sixth seal of Revelation. | + | *Prewrath Rapture - The Prewrath View (also known as Mid Tribulation Raptureplaces the rapture of the Church after the mid-point of a yet future 70th Week of Daniel--i.e., after the "abomination of desolation" - also holds that a side-by-side comparison of the wording of the sixth seal (Revelation 6:12-13) and the signs in Matthew 24:29 that announce the Second Coming of Jesus and the rapture of the Church indicate that they are the same event. Therefore, the rapture described in Matthew 24:29-31 can be placed after the sixth seal of Revelation. |
| − | *[[Thomas Ice|Pre Tribulation Rapture]] - A Dispensational-Premillennarian eschatology which affirms that the believing Church will be raptured prior to the 70th Week of Daniel (i.e., before the "tribulation" or the final seven-years of this age); likewise, this eschatology sees the coming Antichrist as a real person energized by Satan who will implement a "defense pact" or "peace treaty" with Israel at the commencement of Daniel's 70th Week. Thomas Ice of the Pre-trib Research Center is an avowed proponent of this eschatology. | + | *[[Thomas Ice]] and the Pre Tribulation Rapture - A Dispensational-Premillennarian eschatology which affirms that the believing Church will be raptured prior to the 70th Week of Daniel (i.e., before the "tribulation" or the final seven-years of this age); likewise, this eschatology sees the coming Antichrist as a real person energized by Satan who will implement a "defense pact" or "peace treaty" with Israel at the commencement of Daniel's 70th Week. Thomas Ice of the Pre-trib Research Center is an avowed proponent of this eschatology. |
| − | *[[Dispensationalism]] - In Christian theology, Dispensationalism teaches biblical history as a number of successive economies or administrations, called dispensations, each of which emphasizes the continuity of the Old Testament covenants God made with His chosen people through Abraham, Moses and King David. | + | *Dispensationalism - In Christian theology, Dispensationalism teaches biblical history as a number of successive economies or administrations, called dispensations, each of which emphasizes the continuity of the Old Testament covenants God made with His chosen people through Abraham, Moses and King David. |
| − | *[[Hyperdispensationalism]] - Hyperdispensationalism (or sometimes ultra-dispensationalism), as opposed to traditional (or mainstream) Dispensationalism, views the start of the Christian church as beginning with the ministry of the Apostle Paul after the early part of the book of Acts. Hyperdispensationalists regard the failure of the post-Apostolic church to preserve the Pauline Distinctive as a cause of the Great Apostasy and as a mistake of the 19th Century Restoration Movement. Hyperdispensationalists regard what they understand to be the recovery of true Pauline Christianity as the crowning achievement of events that began with the Protestant Reformation. | + | *Hyperdispensationalism - Hyperdispensationalism (or sometimes ultra-dispensationalism), as opposed to traditional (or mainstream) Dispensationalism, views the start of the Christian church as beginning with the ministry of the Apostle Paul after the early part of the book of Acts. Hyperdispensationalists regard the failure of the post-Apostolic church to preserve the Pauline Distinctive as a cause of the Great Apostasy and as a mistake of the 19th Century Restoration Movement. Hyperdispensationalists regard what they understand to be the recovery of true Pauline Christianity as the crowning achievement of events that began with the Protestant Reformation. |
| − | *[[Progressive dispensationalism|Progressive Dispensationalism]] - Progressive Dispensationalism is one of two views in mainstream dispensationalism, the other being the traditional view. The major difference between the traditional and progressive dispensationalist views concerns the relationship between the dispensations. Traditional dispensationalists perceive the present age of grace as an "intercalation" or parenthesis in God's plan, and therefore is unrelated to the past and future dispensations. However, progressive dispensationalists reject this idea of a parenthesis, and perceive the present age of grace as a key link or progression in relation with the past and future dispensations. | + | *Progressive Dispensationalism - Progressive Dispensationalism is one of two views in mainstream dispensationalism, the other being the traditional view. The major difference between the traditional and progressive dispensationalist views concerns the relationship between the dispensations. Traditional dispensationalists perceive the present age of grace as an "intercalation" or parenthesis in God's plan, and therefore is unrelated to the past and future dispensations. However, progressive dispensationalists reject this idea of a parenthesis, and perceive the present age of grace as a key link or progression in relation with the past and future dispensations. |
| | *[[Eschatology]] - Eschatology (from the Greek ἔσχατος, ''eschatos'' meaning "last" + ology) is a part of theology and philosophy concerned with the final events in the history of the world or the ultimate destiny of mankind, commonly phrased as the end of the world. In many religions, the end of the world is a future event prophesied in sacred texts or folklore. More broadly, eschatology may encompass related concepts such as the Messiah or Messianic Age, the afterlife, and the soul. | | *[[Eschatology]] - Eschatology (from the Greek ἔσχατος, ''eschatos'' meaning "last" + ology) is a part of theology and philosophy concerned with the final events in the history of the world or the ultimate destiny of mankind, commonly phrased as the end of the world. In many religions, the end of the world is a future event prophesied in sacred texts or folklore. More broadly, eschatology may encompass related concepts such as the Messiah or Messianic Age, the afterlife, and the soul. |
| − | *[[Amillennialism|Roman Catholic Eschatology]] - The Roman Catholic Church affirms the [[Amillennialism|Amillennarian]] worldview. Amillennialism was taught by St. Augustine in the fourth century and was a widely held view among Christians throughout Church history. Origen's idealizing tendency to consider only the spiritual as real (which was fundamental to his entire system) led him to combat the "rude" or "crude" aspects of a literal 1,000-year Messianic Kingdom yet future. Amillennialism has been widely held in the Eastern Orthodox Church as well, which generally follows Augustine on this point and which has deemed that Premillennialism cannot be safety taught. Amillennialism is also often associated with Protestants such as those in the Lutheran, Reformed and Anglican churches. (Please see [[Amillennialism]]). | + | *Roman Catholic Eschatology - The Roman Catholic Church affirms the Amillennialism or Amillennarian worldview. Amillennialism was taught by St. Augustine in the fourth century and was a widely held view among Christians throughout Church history. Origen's idealizing tendency to consider only the spiritual as real (which was fundamental to his entire system) led him to combat the "rude" or "crude" aspects of a literal 1,000-year Messianic Kingdom yet future. Amillennialism has been widely held in the Eastern Orthodox Church as well, which generally follows Augustine on this point and which has deemed that Premillennialism cannot be safety taught. Amillennialism is also often associated with Protestants such as those in the Lutheran, Reformed and Anglican churches. (Please see Amillennialism). |
| − | *[[Eschatology (Adventist)|Seventh-Day Adventist Eschatology]] - The Seventh-day Adventist church holds a unique system of eschatological (or end-times) beliefs. Adventist eschatology is characterized principally by the premillennial second coming of Jesus Christ. Seventh-day Adventism derives its eschatological teachings in large part from its interpretation of the books of Daniel and Revelation, as well as the teachings of Jesus Christ found in Matthew chapter 24. Adventists have traditionally interpreted biblical prophecies using the historicist method, although some of the prophecies of Revelation are thought have a future application. It is this futurist aspect of the church's interpretation of the book of Revelation that has played a major part in shaping Adventist eschatology. | + | *Seventh-Day Adventist Eschatology - The Seventh-day Adventist church holds a unique system of eschatological (or end-times) beliefs. Adventist eschatology is characterized principally by the premillennial second coming of Jesus Christ. Seventh-day Adventism derives its eschatological teachings in large part from its interpretation of the books of Daniel and Revelation, as well as the teachings of Jesus Christ found in Matthew chapter 24. Adventists have traditionally interpreted biblical prophecies using the historicist method, although some of the prophecies of Revelation are thought have a future application. It is this futurist aspect of the church's interpretation of the book of Revelation that has played a major part in shaping Adventist eschatology. |
| − | *[[Chosen people|Mormon Eschatology]] - In Mormonism, all Latter Day Saints are viewed as covenant, or chosen, people; they have accepted the name of Jesus Christ. Latter Day Saints do not dispute the "chosen" status of the Jewish people. In LDS doctrine all people who have ever lived will have the ability to enter into this covenant during the Millennium (yet future). Mormon eschatology holds that Jews, as a chosen people, will ultimately accept Christianity (See Jeremiah 31:31-34). Mormon doctrine teaches that Mormons are "The kin blood of the Jews." Every practicing LDS member receives a patriarchal blessing that reveals their linage in the House of Israel. This lineage may be blood related or through "adoption;" therefore, a child may not necessarily share the lineage of her parents (but will still be a member of the tribes of Israel). It is a widely held belief that most members of the faith are in the tribe of Ephraim or the tribe of Manasseh. | + | *Mormon Eschatology - In Mormonism, all Latter Day Saints are viewed as covenant, or chosen, people; they have accepted the name of Jesus Christ. Latter Day Saints do not dispute the "chosen" status of the Jewish people. In LDS doctrine all people who have ever lived will have the ability to enter into this covenant during the Millennium (yet future). Mormon eschatology holds that Jews, as a chosen people, will ultimately accept Christianity (See Jeremiah 31:31-34). Mormon doctrine teaches that Mormons are "The kin blood of the Jews." Every practicing LDS member receives a patriarchal blessing that reveals their linage in the House of Israel. This lineage may be blood related or through "adoption;" therefore, a child may not necessarily share the lineage of her parents (but will still be a member of the tribes of Israel). It is a widely held belief that most members of the faith are in the tribe of Ephraim or the tribe of Manasseh. |
| − | *[[Eschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses Eschatology]] - The eschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses is central to their religious beliefs. They believe that Jesus Christ has been ruling as king since 1914, and that after that time a short period of cleansing has begun taking place. They further believe that from 1919, Jehovah's Witnesses were selected by God to be his people. Jehovah's Witnesses believe 1918 to be the time when Christ Jesus judged all world religions. They teach that after a period of 18 months, among all groups and religions, there was found only one that was humbly doing the will of Christ. Jehovah's Witnesses claim the "Bible Students" who later became known as "Jehovah's Witnesses" in 1931 (See [[History of Jehovah's Witnesses]]) are that one unique group. | + | *Jehovah's Witnesses Eschatology - The eschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses is central to their religious beliefs. They believe that Jesus Christ has been ruling as king since 1914, and that after that time a short period of cleansing has begun taking place. They further believe that from 1919, Jehovah's Witnesses were selected by God to be his people. Jehovah's Witnesses believe 1918 to be the time when Christ Jesus judged all world religions. They teach that after a period of 18 months, among all groups and religions, there was found only one that was humbly doing the will of Christ. Jehovah's Witnesses claim the "Bible Students" who later became known as "Jehovah's Witnesses" in 1931 (See History of Jehovah's Witnesses) are that one unique group. |
| − | *[[British Israelism|British Israelism Eschatology]] - Teaches that the Anglo-Saxon race are the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel; therefore, many of the prophecies pointing toward "Jewish fulfillment" are really fulfilled in the Lost Tribes. It holds, however, many of the eschatological affirmations of the Seventh-Day Adventists. | + | *British Israelism Eschatology - Teaches that the Anglo-Saxon race are the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel; therefore, many of the prophecies pointing toward "Jewish fulfillment" are really fulfilled in the Lost Tribes. It holds, however, many of the eschatological affirmations of the Seventh-Day Adventists. |
| − | *[[Supersessionism]] - Supersessionism (sometimes referred to as replacement theology by its critics) is a belief that Christianity is the fulfillment and continuation of the Old Testament, and that Jews who deny that Jesus is the Messiah are not being faithful to the revelation that God has given them, and they therefore fall short of their calling as his chosen people. This view holds that racial and ethnic divisions and boundaries are ended in Jesus Christ, and faith in Jesus unites all peoples into one new body, which is God's chosen people. | + | *Supersessionism - Supersessionism (sometimes referred to as replacement theology by its critics) is a belief that Christianity is the fulfillment and continuation of the Old Testament, and that Jews who deny that Jesus is the Messiah are not being faithful to the revelation that God has given them, and they therefore fall short of their calling as his chosen people. This view holds that racial and ethnic divisions and boundaries are ended in Jesus Christ, and faith in Jesus unites all peoples into one new body, which is God's chosen people. |
| | *[[Messianic Judaism]] - Messianic Judaism is a religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who is referred to as Yeshua by its adherents. | | *[[Messianic Judaism]] - Messianic Judaism is a religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who is referred to as Yeshua by its adherents. |
| | *[[Apologetics]] - The field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position. | | *[[Apologetics]] - The field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position. |
| | *[[Exegesis]] - The extensive and critical interpretation of a text, especially of a holy scripture. | | *[[Exegesis]] - The extensive and critical interpretation of a text, especially of a holy scripture. |
| − | *[[Prophecy of Seventy Weeks]] | + | *Prophecy of Seventy Weeks |
| − | *[[2300 day prophecy]] | + | *2300 day prophecy |
| − | *[[Day-year principle]] | + | *Day-year principle |
| | *[[Abomination of Desolation]] | | *[[Abomination of Desolation]] |
| | *[[Antichrist]] | | *[[Antichrist]] |
| − | *[[Whore of Babylon]] | + | *Whore of Babylon |
| | *[[Oracle of Damascus]] | | *[[Oracle of Damascus]] |
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| | *[[Genesis|Genesis 37, 39-50]] | | *[[Genesis|Genesis 37, 39-50]] |
| | *[[Book of Daniel|Daniel 7-12]] | | *[[Book of Daniel|Daniel 7-12]] |
| − | *[[Book of Zechariah|Zechariah 3-8; 10-14]] | + | *[[Book of Zechariah|Zechariah 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]] |
| | *[[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew 24]] | | *[[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew 24]] |
| | *[[Gospel of Luke|Luke 17:20-37; 21]] | | *[[Gospel of Luke|Luke 17:20-37; 21]] |
| | *[[Epistle to the Romans|Romans 9-11]] | | *[[Epistle to the Romans|Romans 9-11]] |
| − | *[[First Epistle to the Corinthians|I Corinthians 15:50-58]] | + | *[[I Corinthians|I Corinthians 15:50-58]] |
| | *[[First Epistle to the Thessalonians|I Thessalonians 4:13-5:11]] | | *[[First Epistle to the Thessalonians|I Thessalonians 4:13-5:11]] |
| − | *[[Second Epistle to the Thessalonians|II Thessalonians 2]] | + | *[[Second Epistle to the Thessalonians|II Thessalonians 2:1-12]] |
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| | ===Suggested book list=== | | ===Suggested book list=== |