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'''His Holiness, Pope Pius IX, Vicar of Christ''' (May 13, 1792-February 7, 1878) - born '''Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti''' - was the [[Pope]] and leader of the [[Catholic church]] from June 16, 1846 to February 7, 1878 the longest reign in Church history. He convened the [[First Vatican Council]], fought [[secularism]] in a rebellious [[Italy]] and an increasingly progressive [[France]], and became a [[saint]] during the papacy of [[Pope John Paul II]].
'''His Holiness, Pope Pius IX, Vicar of Christ''' (May 13, 1792-February 7, 1878) - born '''Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti''' - was the [[Pope]] and leader of the [[Catholic church]] from June 16, 1846 to February 7, 1878 the longest reign in Church history. He convened the [[First Vatican Council]], which declared the Pope was infallible under certain conditions.
He fought [[secularism]] in [[Italy]] and [[France]], and helped the German Catholics defeat the [[Kulturkampf]].
He was proclaimed a [[saint]] during the papacy of [[Pope John Paul II]].
==Further reading==
* Hales, E. E. Y. ''Pio Nono. A Study in European Politics and Religion in the Nineteenth Century'' (1954), on Pope Pius IX
[[Category:Popes|Pius IX, Pope]]
[[Category:Popes|Pius IX, Pope]]