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John Gresham Machen (1881 – 1937) is an important figure in [[Conservative Christianity]]. In 1905 he spent a year studying under [[Wilhelm Herrmann|Johann Wilhelm Herrmann]]. Like [[Karl Barth]], he later rejected such [[Liberal Christianity]] teachings, though Barth's work would be seen as fundamentally different in nature and came to be known as the [[neo-orthodoxy]] movement. Machen's 1923 book ''Christianity and Liberalism'' is considered a classic work of [[Fundamentalism|Anti-Modernist]] thought. "Machen maintained that liberalism was both un-Christian and unscientific<ref> Chapter 19 "The Fundamentalist and Neo-Evangelical Traditions" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=e7BXpAsDXh0C&pg=RA1-PA352&vq=Fundamentalist+fanatic&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1#PRA1-PA357,M1 ''American Religious Traditions: The Shaping of Religion in the United States''], Richard E. Wentz, Fotress Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8006-3616-3</ref>." This 1923 book is the conservative response to [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]]'s 1922 works: the shameless liberal sermon “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” and the very un-Christian book ''Christianity and Progress''. He helped found [[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]].
John Gresham Machen (1881 – 1937) is an important theologian in [[Conservative Christianity]]. Machen began advocating conservative theology in 1920. A year before his 1937 death he helped form the [[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]] after his suspension from the Presbyterian Church in the USA's general assembly.
==Career==
In 1905 he spent a year studying under [[Wilhelm Herrmann|Johann Wilhelm Herrmann]]. Like [[Karl Barth]], he later rejected such [[Liberal Christianity]] teachings, though Barth's work would be seen as fundamentally different in nature and came to be known as the [[neo-orthodoxy]] movement. Machen's 1923 book ''Christianity and Liberalism'' is considered a classic work of [[Fundamentalism|Anti-Modernist]] thought. Machen maintained that theological liberalism was both un-Christian and unscientific.<ref> Chapter 19 "The Fundamentalist and Neo-Evangelical Traditions" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=e7BXpAsDXh0C&pg=RA1-PA352&vq=Fundamentalist+fanatic&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1#PRA1-PA357,M1 ''American Religious Traditions: The Shaping of Religion in the United States''], Richard E. Wentz, Fortress Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8006-3616-3</ref>. His book was the conservative response to [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]]'s 1922 sermon “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” and the book ''Christianity and Progress''.
Machen in 1936 helped found the '''Presbyterian Church in America,''' (now called the [[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]]). It holds steadfastly to the Westminster Standards, and was founded by conservatives who split away from the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) because they strongly opposed the pervasive Modernist theology of the 1930s.
==Further reading==
* Hart, D. G. ''Defending the Faith: J. Gresham Machen and the Crisis of Conservative Protestantism in Modern America.'' Johns Hopkins U. Press, 1994. 227 pp., the standard scholarly biography
* Hart, D. G. "When is a Fundamentalist a Modernist? J. Gresham Machen, Cultural Modernism, and Conservative Protestantism." ''Journal of the American Academy of Religion'' 1997 65(3): 605-633.
* Hart, D. G. "Fundamentalism, Inerrancy, and the Biblical Scholarship of J. Gresham Machen." ''Journal Of Presbyterian History'' 1997 75(1): 13-28. 0022-3883
* Hart, D. G. "Christianity, Modern Liberalism, and J. Gresham Machen." ''Modern Age'' 1997 39(3): 234-245. online at www.modernage.com
* Marsden, George. ''Fundamentalism and American Culture'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Fundamentalism-American-Culture-George-Marsden/dp/0195300475/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1237923111&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search], the standard scholarly history
* Rian, Edwin H. ''The Presbyterian Conflict'' (1940).
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* Russell, C. Allyn. "J. Gresham Machen, Scholarly Fundamentalist." ''Journal of Presbyterian History'' 1973 51(1): 41-69.
==External links==
==External links==