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John Gresham Machen (1881 – 1937) is an important theologian in [[Conservative Christianity]] who taught [[New Testament]] from 1906 to 1929 at [[Princeton Theological Seminary]].  He countered liberal Presbyterian figures, such as [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]] in the 1920's and [[Pearl Buck]] in the 1930's.  He did this in such an honorable way that in the 1929 book ''A Preface to Morals'' [[Walter Lippmann]], a figure often beloved by liberals, wrote "We shall do well to listen to Dr. Machen"<ref> [http://books.google.com/books?id=-wDICbaI80kC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA32,M1 ''A Preface to Morals''], Walter Lippmann, Macmillan, 1929</ref>. He was instrumental in the 1929 formation of [[Westminster Theological Seminary]], which then sought and still seeks to continue in the tradition of Old [[Princeton Theology]]. A year before his sudden death in 1937 at the age of 55 he helped form the [[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]].  

John Gresham Machen (1881 – 1937) was the last major representative of the [[Princeton Theology]] in the

twentieth century as well as the leading spokesperson for fundamentalism in its battles with modernist theology in the 1920s. He taught [[New Testament]] from 1906 to 1929 at [[Princeton Theological Seminary]], then left to form [[Westminster Theological Seminary]] in Philadelphia, as a new stronghold for his beliefs; he taught the New Testament there 1929-37.   

In 1905 he spent a year studying under liberal German theologian [[Wilhelm Herrmann|Johann Wilhelm Herrmann]].  Machen had no connection with Swiss theologian [[Karl Barth]], whose rejection of modernism at about the sdame time led to the school of "[[neo-orthodoxy]]."  Machen's 1923 book ''Christianity and Liberalism'' is considered a classic work of [[Fundamentalism|Anti-Modernist]] thought. Machen maintained that theological liberalism was both un-Christian and unscientific<ref> Chapter 19 "The Fundamentalist and Neo-Evangelical Traditions" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=e7BXpAsDXh0C&pg=RA1-PA352&vq=Fundamentalist+fanatic&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1#PRA1-PA357,M1 ''American Religious Traditions: The Shaping of Religion in the United States''], Richard E. Wentz, Fortress Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8006-3616-3</ref>. His book was the conservative response to [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]]'s 1922 sermon “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” and the book ''Christianity and Progress''.  Machen even won praise from Walter Lippmann.<ref> Lippmann, ''A Preface to Morals'' (1929) [http://books.google.com/books?id=-wDICbaI80kC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA32,M1 online p. 32]</ref>.

He countered liberal Presbyterian figures, such as [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]] in the 1920's and [[Pearl Buck]] in the 1930s.  Machen tried and succeeded in forcing Fosdick out of the presbyterian fold. But when he set up the "Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions" in 1933 to attack unorthodox missionaries, he was tried and suspended in 1935 from the ministry in the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.

In 1905 he spent a year studying under [[Wilhelm Herrmann|Johann Wilhelm Herrmann]].  Like [[Karl Barth]], he later rejected such [[Liberal Christianity]] teachings, though Barth's work would be seen as fundamentally different in nature and came to be known as the [[neo-orthodoxy]] movement. Machen's 1923 book ''Christianity and Liberalism'' is considered a classic work of [[Fundamentalism|Anti-Modernist]] thought.  Machen maintained that theological liberalism was both un-Christian and unscientific<ref> Chapter 19 "The Fundamentalist and Neo-Evangelical Traditions" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=e7BXpAsDXh0C&pg=RA1-PA352&vq=Fundamentalist+fanatic&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1#PRA1-PA357,M1 ''American Religious Traditions: The Shaping of Religion in the United States''], Richard E. Wentz, Fortress Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8006-3616-3</ref>. His book was the conservative response to [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]]'s 1922 sermon “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” and the book ''Christianity and Progress''.

Machen in 1936 helped found the '''Presbyterian Church in America,''' (now called the [[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]]). It holds steadfastly to the Westminster Standards, and was founded by conservatives who split away from the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) because they strongly opposed the pervasive Modernist theology of the 1930s.  For his efforts the Presbyterian Church in the USA's general assembly suspended him in 1936.

Machen in 1936 helped found the '''Presbyterian Church in America,''' (now called the [[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]]). It holds steadfastly to the Westminster Standards, and was founded by conservatives who split away from the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) because they strongly opposed the pervasive Modernist theology of the 1930s.   

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