Changes

===Germany===

===Germany===

Germans were dissatisfied with the Confederation established by the Vienna settlement and the Frankfurt Assembly attempted unsuccessfully to unify in 1848.  Prussia, the strongest “German” state, established a “Customs Union”—which resembled a national market system—and parliament.  King Wilhelm I of Prussia chose Prime Minister Otto Van Bismarck in 1862.  Fiercely patriotic to his native Prussia, Bismarck believed in “realpolitick” (or reality politics) and sought to unify Germany under Prussian control.  He believed the only way this could be done was through a war.  Bismarck’s motto by which to wage this war was “by blood and iron,” and without Parliament’s approval he forced the northern states to join the Northern German Confederation.  When the southern city-states would not join, Bismarck tricked France into declaring the Franco-Prussian War, which Prussia won.  This accomplished Bismarck’s goal of attaining southern Germany, which was now willing to accept Prussian rule.  In 1871 the North and South were united into the new German Empire, the “Second Reich,” and Wilhelm was made “kaiser” (German word for “Caesar” or emperor, especially between 1871 to 1918).

Germans were dissatisfied with the Confederation established by the Vienna settlement and the Frankfurt Assembly attempted unsuccessfully to unify in 1848.  Prussia, the strongest “German” state, established a “Customs Union”—which resembled a national market system—and parliament.  King Wilhelm I of Prussia chose Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck in 1862.  Fiercely patriotic to his native Prussia, Bismarck believed in “realpolitick” (or reality politics) and sought to unify Germany under Prussian control.  He believed the only way this could be done was through a war.  Bismarck’s motto by which to wage this war was “by blood and iron,” and without Parliament’s approval he forced the northern states to join the Northern German Confederation.  When the southern city-states would not join, Bismarck tricked France into declaring the Franco-Prussian War, which Prussia won.  This accomplished Bismarck’s goal of attaining southern Germany, which was now willing to accept Prussian rule.  In 1871 the North and South were united into the new German Empire, the “Second Reich,” and Wilhelm was made “kaiser” (German word for “Caesar” or emperor, especially between 1871 to 1918).

==The Industrial Revolution==

==The Industrial Revolution==