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→‎Italy: same problem: Tuscany, Sardinia were no city-states
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===Italy===
 
===Italy===
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In Italy, a prominent nationalist named Giuseppe Mazzini began to argue strongly for the unification of Italy as one nation, and formed the “Brotherhood of Young Italy” in 1831.  Mazzini’s call for unification was premature, however; rulers of the various Italian city-states were not ready to unite.  But Mazzini’s efforts were not in vain.  Twenty years later, a fierce patriot and former member of the Brotherhood of Young Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi, led a revolution in Southern Italy, while King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont and his prime minister Count Cavour led one in northern Italy.  Garibaldi zealously rallied an entirely volunteer army in Sicily and successfully overthrew the Spanish Bourbon king of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.  Count Cavour eliminated Austrian control in northern Italy and the Italian people voted to unite their country in 1861.  Venice and Rome were both added by 1870.
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In Italy, a prominent nationalist named Giuseppe Mazzini began to argue strongly for the unification of Italy as one nation, and formed the “Brotherhood of Young Italy” in 1831.  Mazzini’s call for unification was premature, however; rulers of the various Italian states were not ready to unite.  But Mazzini’s efforts were not in vain.  Twenty years later, a fierce patriot and former member of the Brotherhood of Young Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi, led a revolution in Southern Italy, while King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont and his prime minister Count Cavour led one in northern Italy.  Garibaldi zealously rallied an entirely volunteer army in Sicily and successfully overthrew the Spanish Bourbon king of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.  Count Cavour eliminated Austrian control in northern Italy and the Italian people voted to unite their country in 1861.  Venice and Rome were both added by 1870.
    
===Germany===
 
===Germany===
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