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[[Image:King David.jpg|right|thumb|300px|King David playing the [[harp]] (Domenico Zampieri 1581-1641)]]

[[Image:King David.jpg|right|thumb|300px|King David playing the [[harp]] (Domenico Zampieri 1581-1641)]]

'''King David''' was the second king of [[Israel]] from 1010-970 BC.   

'''King David''' was the second king of [[Israel]] from 1010-970 BC.   

==Genealogy==  

==Genealogy==  

David was from the tribe of Judah, with his genealogy being given in Ruth 4:18-22. It is held that it is this tribe  that Genesis 49:10 speaks of the [[Messiah]] coming from.<ref>http://www.letusreason.org/Juda1.htm</ref> (Genesis 49:10; cf. 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Matt.1:2 , Heb. 7:14-17).  David was the youngest of 8 sons of Jesse, who also had 2 daughters. (1Sam. 16:8-12; 17:2; 1Chr. 2:13-16<ref>see Keil & Delitzsch on 1Chrn. 2:9-41</ref>) The name ''David'', like the similar name Jedidish (2Sam. 12:25), comes from a root meaning “to love." David is the only person who bears that name in the Bible. David's ancestor Nahshon was chieftain of the whole tribe of Judah, (Num. 1:7; 2:3; 1Chr. 2:10) and brother-in-law of Aaron the high priest. (Exo. 6:23) The name of David's mother is not given, but it is recorded that David later placed his parents under the protection of the king of Moab, which some surmise may indicate that his mother was from that country, as the mother of his grandfather Obed was Ruth the Moabitess. <ref>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</ref> (1Sam. 22:3; 22:1) It appears that David had a devoted father. Thus David had a good spiritual heritage.

David was from the tribe of Judah, with his genealogy being given in Ruth 4:18-22. It is held that it is this tribe  that Genesis 49:10 speaks of the [[Messiah]] coming from.<ref>http://www.letusreason.org/Juda1.htm</ref> (Genesis 49:10; cf. 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Matt.1:2 , Heb. 7:14-17).  David was the youngest of 8 sons of Jesse, who also had 2 daughters. (1Sam. 16:8-12; 17:2; 1Chr. 2:13-16<ref>see Keil & Delitzsch, 1Chrn. 2:9-41</ref>) The name ''David'', like the similar name Jedidish (2Sam. 12:25), comes from a root meaning “to love." David is the only person who bears that name in the Bible. David's ancestor Nahshon was chieftain of the whole tribe of Judah, (Num. 1:7; 2:3; 1Chr. 2:10) and brother-in-law of Aaron the high priest. (Exo. 6:23) The name of David's mother is not given, but it is recorded that David later placed his parents under the protection of the king of Moab, which some surmise may indicate that his mother was from that country, as the mother of his grandfather Obed was Ruth the Moabitess. <ref>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia on David, James Orr, M.A., D.D., General Editor</ref> (1Sam. 22:3; 22:1) It appears that David had a devoted father. Thus David had a good spiritual heritage.

== Before becoming King ==

== Before becoming King ==

==David's character and call==

==David's character and call==

David is revealed as a type of person who was "lovable." It is recorded that both Saul and Jonathan loved David, (1Sam. 16:21; 18:1,3; 20:17) as did all Saul's servants, (1Sam. 18:20,28) and all Israel and Judah, (1Sam. 18:16) and Saul's daughter, Michal. (1Sam. 18:20,28) David overall expressed great love for God, love toward others, and even toward personal adversaries, though he was also a mighty man of war. (Ps. 23; 73; 35; 69; 18) In addition, he was a man who served in many functions and situations, and manifested different gifts, and was called "the sweet psalmist of Israel" (2Sam. 23:1,2) who spoke by the Spirit of God.<ref>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, James Orr, M.A., D.D., David</ref>

David is revealed as a type of person who was "lovable." It is recorded that both Saul and Jonathan loved David, (1Sam. 16:21; 18:1,3; 20:17) as did all Saul's servants, (1Sam. 18:20,28) and all Israel and Judah, (1Sam. 18:16) and Saul's daughter, Michal. (1Sam. 18:20,28) David overall expressed great love for God, love toward others, and even toward personal adversaries, though he was also a mighty man of war. (Ps. 23; 73; 35; 69; 18) In addition, he was a man who served in many functions and situations, and manifested different gifts, and was called "the sweet psalmist of Israel" (2Sam. 23:1,2) who spoke by the Spirit of God.<ref>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</ref>

Outside of the record of his birth in Ruth 4:17,22, David is first revealed as the one chosen by God to replace king Saul, due to his disobedience, which revealed serious foundational character faults.<ref>Matthew Henry, 1Sam. 13; 15</ref> [[Samuel]], while yet mourning for Saul, is sent by the God of Israel to the house of Jesse the Bethlehemite to anoint a new king, but he is not told which one it is. Saul's jealous character which will later greatly threaten David is seen revealed here by Samuel's response that Saul would kill him if this mission was known to him. The Lord provides the correct context, and Samuel comes to Bethlehem, in which he sanctifies Jesse and his sons, and calls them to the sacrifice. (1Sam. 16:1-5)  

Outside of the record of his birth in Ruth 4:17,22, David is first revealed as the one chosen by God to replace king Saul, due to his disobedience, which revealed serious foundational character faults.<ref>Matthew Henry, 1Sam. 13; 15</ref> [[Samuel]], while yet mourning for Saul, is sent by the God of Israel to the house of Jesse the Bethlehemite to anoint a new king, but he is not told which one it is. Saul's jealous character which will later greatly threaten David is seen revealed here by Samuel's response that Saul would kill him if this mission was known to him. The Lord provides the correct context, and Samuel comes to Bethlehem, in which he sanctifies Jesse and his sons, and calls them to the sacrifice. (1Sam. 16:1-5)  

The story of David and [[Goliath]] is one of the most famous stories of the Bible, and reveals much about David's faith and courage.  

The story of David and [[Goliath]] is one of the most famous stories of the Bible, and reveals much about David's faith and courage.  

The context is that as there was war between Saul and the Philistines all his days, (1Sam. 14:52) here the Philistines are once again gathered together for battle against Israel, facing off in the hilly region between the mountains of Judah and the plain of Philistia.<ref>Keil & Delitzsch, ibid.</ref> It is thought by Calmet that this war happened eight years after the anointing of David, and ten or twelve years after the war with the Amalekites.<ref>Adam Clarke, LL.D., F.S.A., (1715-1832), 1Sam. 17:1) A well armed, literal giant named [[Goliath]], whose height has been estimated to be between approx. 9 feet nine inches to 11 feet,<ref>Clarke, 1Sam. 17:4</ref> daily taunted the “servants to Saul” for 40 days,  morning and evening, defying them to provide a man to fight and kill him, with the winner to gain the submission of all their respective opponent. Upon hearing his defiance, the Israelites were “dismayed, and greatly afraid.” (1Sam. 17:1-11)  

The context is that as there was war between Saul and the Philistines all his days, (1Sam. 14:52) here the Philistines are once again gathered together for battle against Israel, facing off in the hilly region between the mountains of Judah and the plain of Philistia.<ref>Keil & Delitzsch, ibid.</ref> It is thought by Calmet that this war happened eight years after the anointing of David, and ten or twelve years after the war with the Amalekites.<ref>Adam Clarke, LL.D., F.S.A., (1715-1832), 1Sam. 17:1</ref> A well armed, literal giant named [[Goliath]], whose height has been estimated to be between approx. 9 feet nine inches to 11 feet,<ref>Clarke, 1Sam. 17:4</ref> daily taunted the “servants to Saul” for 40 days,  morning and evening, defying them to provide a man to fight and kill him, with the winner to gain the submission of all their respective opponent. Upon hearing his defiance, the Israelites were “dismayed, and greatly afraid.” (1Sam. 17:1-11)  

Meanwhile, David's father had become frail, and his 3 oldest sons had followed Saul to the battle.  David returned home to feed his sheep.<ref<Gill, 1Sam. 17:15</ref> With the Philistine crisis now ongoing for 40 days, Jesse instructs David to take provisions to the camp of his sons, and some cheese for their captain. David was to inquire as to their condition, and to (apparently) bring some evidence of their welfare back, as they were in conflict with the Philistines in the valley of Elah. (1Sam. 17:12-19)   

Meanwhile, David's father had become frail, and his 3 oldest sons had followed Saul to the battle.  David returned home to feed his sheep.<ref<Gill, 1Sam. 17:15</ref> With the Philistine crisis now ongoing for 40 days, Jesse instructs David to take provisions to the camp of his sons, and some cheese for their captain. David was to inquire as to their condition, and to (apparently) bring some evidence of their welfare back, as they were in conflict with the Philistines in the valley of Elah. (1Sam. 17:12-19)   

==David and Jonathan==

==David and Jonathan==

The committed friendship and Godly brotherly love between these two notable Biblical characters, amidst much danger and stress, makes their story one of the most remarkable ones in the [[Bible]]. The story of their friendship is mainly told in [[I Samuel]], chapters 13-23,31 and 2 Samuel 1, two books which contain the history of the kingdom of God in Israel, from the termination of the age of the judges to the close of the reign of king David.<ref>Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament</ref>

The committed friendship and Godly brotherly love between these two notable Biblical characters, amidst much danger and stress, makes their story one of the most remarkable ones in the [[Bible]]. The story of their friendship is mainly told in [[I Samuel]], chapters 13-23,31 and 2 Samuel 1, two books which contain the history of the kingdom of God in Israel, from the termination of the age of the judges to the close of the reign of king David.<ref>Keil & Delitzsch</ref>

Both Jonathan and David were daring warriors for Israel in its theocratic kingdom, in the land which formerly was that of Canaan, in which dangerous enemies were yet to be fought. In addition, the paranoia of [[King Saul]] over losing his kingdom to David, who was anointed by God through the prophet Samuel to be king, caused David, and finally his fellow compatriot Jonathan (who recognized his future kingship), to be in danger of life.  

Both Jonathan and David were daring warriors for Israel in its theocratic kingdom, in the land which formerly was that of Canaan, in which dangerous enemies were yet to be fought. In addition, the paranoia of [[King Saul]] over losing his kingdom to David, who was anointed by God through the prophet Samuel to be king, caused David, and finally his fellow compatriot Jonathan (who recognized his future kingship), to be in danger of life.  

==External Links==

==External Links==

*[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1032929.html Recent Archaeological find pointing to support for the Biblical extent and character of David's Kingdom. Shows archaeological approach and limitations]  

*[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1032929.html Recent Archaeological find pointing to support for the Biblical extent and character of David's Kingdom. Shows archaeological approach and limitations]  

{{DEFAULTSORT: David, King}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: David, King}}

[[Category: Biblical Military Commanders]]

[[Category: Biblical Military Commanders]]

[[Category:Jewish People]]

[[Category:Jewish People]]