Changes

==Decisions==

==Decisions==

The main provisions of the final Treaty of Vienna were:  

The main provisions of the final Treaty of Vienna were:  

#. Austria would surrender Belgium to the [[History of the Netherlands|Netherlands]], receiving in compensation the Italian provinces of Lombardy and Venetia, and the Illyrian provinces along the Adriatic Sea. Austria also regained the Tirol, but lost its Polish provinces.  

# Austria would surrender Belgium to the [[History of the Netherlands|Netherlands]], receiving in compensation the Italian provinces of Lombardy and Venetia, and the Illyrian provinces along the Adriatic Sea. Austria also regained the Tirol, but lost its Polish provinces.  

#. Hapsburg royals were given the thrones of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany in northern Italy.  

# Hapsburg royals were given the thrones of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany in northern Italy.  

#. [[Prussia]] gained Swedish Pomerania, two fifths of Saxony, and additional territory along the Rhine River, in addition to recovering Posen (part of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw) and some other territories which Napoleon had taken.  

# [[Prussia]] gained Swedish Pomerania, two fifths of Saxony, and additional territory along the Rhine River, in addition to recovering Posen (part of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw) and some other territories which Napoleon had taken.  

#. [[History of Russia|Russia]] took the lion's share of [[History of Poland|Poland]], later known as "Congress Poland," and obtained Finland from Sweden and Bessarabia from the Ottoman Empire.  

# [[History of Russia|Russia]] took the lion's share of [[History of Poland|Poland]], later known as "Congress Poland," and obtained Finland from Sweden and Bessarabia from the Ottoman Empire.  

#. Sweden was compensated with Norway, which was taken from Denmark to punish the latter for persistent loyalty to Napoleon.  

# Sweden was compensated with Norway, which was taken from Denmark to punish the latter for persistent loyalty to Napoleon.  

#. Britain was permitted to retain nearly all her colonial conquests, securing Cape Colony in southern Africa, Ceylon, and part of Guiana from Holland, Helgoland from Denmark, part of Honduras, the Ionian Islands, and the islands of Malta, Mauritius, St. Lucia, Tobago, and Trinidad.  

# Britain kept nearly its colonial conquests, securing Cape Colony in southern Africa, Ceylon, and part of Guiana from Holland, Helgoland from Denmark, part of Honduras, the Ionian Islands, and the islands of Malta, Mauritius, St. Lucia, Tobago, and Trinidad.  

#. France, now under Bourbon King Louis XVIII, was dealt with in the second Treaty of Paris, in November 1815. All the Napoleonic imperial conquests were removed, and France returned to its 1790 frontiers. France was required to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs and to support an occupation army for five years.  

# France, now under Bourbon King Louis XVIII, was dealt with in the second Treaty of Paris, in November 1815. All the Napoleonic imperial conquests were removed, and France returned to its 1790 frontiers. France was required to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs and to support an occupation army for five years.  

#. The Bourbon kings were restored in Spain and in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, while the Kingdom of Sardinia was permitted to incorporate the former Republic of Genoa.  

# The Bourbon kings were restored in Spain and in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, while the Kingdom of Sardinia was permitted to incorporate the former Republic of Genoa.  

#. The pope regained his temporal possessions.

# The pope regained his temporal possessions.

#. The neutrality of Switzerland, an independent confederation of 22 cantons, was guaranteed.

# The neutrality of Switzerland, an independent confederation of 22 cantons, was guaranteed.

#. The [[Holy Roman Empire]], which Napoleon ended in 1806, was not restored.  

# The [[Holy Roman Empire]], which Napoleon ended in 1806, was not restored.  

#. A Germanic Confederation was created, consisting of 38 states. It was to have a Diet of representatives chosen by the ruling princes and presided over by Austria, which largely dictated the policies of the Confederation.  

# A Germanic Confederation was created, consisting of 38 states. It was to have a Diet of representatives chosen by the ruling princes and presided over by Austria, which largely dictated the policies of the Confederation.  

#. The Congress expressed a desire for reforms relating to the abolition of the Atlantic [[Slavery|slave trade]], the opening of international rivers such as the Danube and the Rhine to free commerce and navigation, and the regulation of the rights of precedence among diplomatic representatives.

# The Congress expressed a desire for reforms relating to the abolition of the Atlantic [[Slavery|slave trade]], the opening of international rivers such as the Danube and the Rhine to free commerce and navigation, and the regulation of the rights of precedence among diplomatic representatives.

 

==Further reading==

==Further reading==