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'''Charles Sanders Peirce''' (1839 – 1914)<ref> pronounced "purse"</ref> was an American logician, mathematician, philosopher, scientist and [[Polymath]]<ref> He wrote important essays on logic, pragmatism, metaphysics, mathematics, geodesy, religion, astronomy, and chemistry. He also wrote on psychology, early English and classical Greek pronunciation, psychical research, criminology, the history of science, ancient history, Egyptology, and Napoleon, prepared a thesaurus and an editor's manual, and did translations from Latin and German.</ref> [[William James]] and other pragmatists credited Peirce as [[Pragmatism]]'s founder.<ref> Pierce later called his ideas "pragmaticism", but the new term did not prove useful to philosophers and has been abandoned.</ref> From 1879 to 1884 he was a lecturer at the new graduate university, Johns Hopkins. There he taught logic to Christine Ladd-Franklin and to [[John Dewey]], who became a leader of the liberal wing of pragmatism. Peirce himself was quite conservative when it came to social and economic issues.<ref> See Short (2001)</ref>
'''Charles Sanders Peirce''' (1839 – 1914)<ref> pronounced "purse"</ref> was an American logician, mathematician, philosopher, scientist and [[polymath]]<ref> He wrote important essays on logic, pragmatism, metaphysics, mathematics, geodesy, religion, astronomy, and chemistry. He also wrote on psychology, early English and classical Greek pronunciation, psychical research, criminology, the history of science, ancient history, Egyptology, and Napoleon, prepared a thesaurus and an editor's manual, and did translations from Latin and German.</ref> [[William James]] and other pragmatists credited Peirce as [[Pragmatism]]'s founder.<ref> Pierce later called his ideas "pragmaticism", but the new term did not prove useful to philosophers and has been abandoned.</ref> From 1879 to 1884 he was a lecturer at the new graduate university, Johns Hopkins. There he taught logic to Christine Ladd-Franklin and to [[John Dewey]], who became a leader of the liberal wing of pragmatism. Peirce himself was quite conservative when it came to social and economic issues.<ref> See Short (2001)</ref>
==Career==
==Career==
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Brent, Joseph. ''Charles Sanders Peirce: A Life'' (1998) [http://www.amazon.com/Charles-Sanders-Peirce-Joseph-Brent/dp/0253211611/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1239829331&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]
* Auspitz, Josiah Lee. "The Greatest Living American Philosopher." ''Commentary'' 1983 76(6): 51-64. 0010-2601 Calls Peirce a living philosopher because his ideas remain relevant [http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/the-greatest-living-american-philosopher-6781 online edition]
* Brent, Joseph. ''Charles Sanders Peirce: A Life'' (1998), 404pp; the standard biography [http://www.amazon.com/Charles-Sanders-Peirce-Joseph-Brent/dp/0253211611/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1239829331&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]
* Burch, Robert W. "Charles Sanders Peirce" in ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006), advanced [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce/ online]
* Burch, Robert W. "Charles Sanders Peirce" in ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006), advanced [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce/ online]
* Houser, Nathan. "Charles S. Peirce", the Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis [http://www.iupui.edu/~peirce/peirce/life/lifex.htm online edition].
* Houser, Nathan. "Charles S. Peirce", the Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis [http://www.iupui.edu/~peirce/peirce/life/lifex.htm online edition].
* Braude, Stephen E. "Peirce on the Paranormal". ''Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society'' 1998 34(1): 203-224. 0009-1774 Looks at P's ideas 1887-1906 regarding telepathy, spiritualism, psychokinesis, postmortem survival, and miracles.
* Braude, Stephen E. "Peirce on the Paranormal". ''Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society'' 1998 34(1): 203-224. 0009-1774 Looks at P's ideas 1887-1906 regarding telepathy, spiritualism, psychokinesis, postmortem survival, and miracles.
* Delaney, Cornelius. ''In Science, Knowledge, and Mind: A Study in the Philosophy of C. S. Peirce'' (1993)
* Delaney, Cornelius. ''In Science, Knowledge, and Mind: A Study in the Philosophy of C. S. Peirce'' (1993)
* Fisch, Max H. ''Peirce, Semeiotic, and Pragmatism.'' ed. by Kenneth Laine Ketner and Christian J. W. Kloesel, Indiana U. Press, 1986. 464 pp.
* Hartman, Matthew. "Utopian Evolution: The Sentimental Critique of Social Darwinism in Bellamy and Peirce." ''Utopian Studies'' 1999 10(1): 26-41. 1045-991X Compares Peirce's essay "Evolutionary Love" (1893) with Edward Bellamy's utopian novel ''Looking Backward'' (1888), exploring the elevation of creative love over greed as agents of change. Both works were written in the utopian vein in response to the growing prominence of capitalist economic theory and [[Social Darwinism]] during the [[Gilded Age]]
* Hartman, Matthew. "Utopian Evolution: The Sentimental Critique of Social Darwinism in Bellamy and Peirce." ''Utopian Studies'' 1999 10(1): 26-41. 1045-991X Compares Peirce's essay "Evolutionary Love" (1893) with Edward Bellamy's utopian novel ''Looking Backward'' (1888), exploring the elevation of creative love over greed as agents of change. Both works were written in the utopian vein in response to the growing prominence of capitalist economic theory and [[Social Darwinism]] during the [[Gilded Age]]
* Hausman, Carl R. ''Charles S. Peirce's Evolutionary Philosophy (1993)
* Hausman, Carl R. ''Charles S. Peirce's Evolutionary Philosophy (1993)
* Moore, Edward C., ed. ''Charles S. Peirce and the Philosophy of Science: Papers from the Harvard Sesquicentennial Congress.'' U. of Alabama Press, 1993. 424 pp.
* Moore, Edward C., ed. ''Charles S. Peirce and the Philosophy of Science: Papers from the Harvard Sesquicentennial Congress.'' U. of Alabama Press, 1993. 424 pp.
===Primary sources===
===Primary sources===
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings, Volume 1 (1867–1893)'' (1992) ed. Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel, and ''Volume Two (1893-1913)'' (1998) ed. Peirce Edition Project [http://www.amazon.com/Essential-Peirce-Selected-Philosophical-1893-1913/dp/0253211905/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1239829331&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]; [http://www.iupui.edu/~peirce/ep/ep.htm online edition].
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings, Volume 1 (1867–1893)'' (1992) ed. Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel, and ''Volume Two (1893-1913)'' (1998) ed. Peirce Edition Project [http://www.amazon.com/Essential-Peirce-Selected-Philosophical-1893-1913/dp/0253211905/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1239829331&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]; [http://www.iupui.edu/~peirce/ep/ep.htm online edition].
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''Peirce on Signs: Writings on Semiotics'' (1991) ed. James Hoopes, University of North Carolina Press [http://www.amazon.com/Peirce-Signs-Writings-Semiotic-Charles/dp/0807843423/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1239829331&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''Peirce on Signs: Writings on Semiotics'' (1991) ed. James Hoopes, University of North Carolina Press [http://www.amazon.com/Peirce-Signs-Writings-Semiotic-Charles/dp/0807843423/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1239829331&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''The New Elements of Mathematics by Charles S. Peirce'', ed. Carolyn Eisele (4 vol. in 5, 1976), Mouton and Humanities Press.
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''The New Elements of Mathematics by Charles S. Peirce'', ed. Carolyn Eisele (4 vol. in 5, 1976), Mouton and Humanities Press.
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''Contributions to 'The Nation''' ed. Kenneth Laine Ketner and James Edward Cook (4 vol 1975-1987) Texas Tech University and [http://www.nlx.com/titles/titlppw1.htm CD-ROM].
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''Contributions to 'The Nation''' ed. Kenneth Laine Ketner and James Edward Cook (4 vol 1975-1987) Texas Tech University and [http://www.nlx.com/titles/titlppw1.htm CD-ROM].
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''Historical Perspectives on Peirce's Logic of Science: A History of Science.'' ed. by Carolyn Eisele, 2 vol. New York: Mouton, 1985. 1130 pp.
* Peirce, Charles Sanders and Lady Welby, Victoria. ''Semiotic and Significs: The Correspondence between C. S. Peirce and Victoria Lady Welby'' (1977) ed. Charles S. Hardwick with James Cook, Indiana University Press. 2nd ed. 2001, Press of Arisbe Associates.
* Peirce, Charles Sanders and Lady Welby, Victoria. ''Semiotic and Significs: The Correspondence between C. S. Peirce and Victoria Lady Welby'' (1977) ed. Charles S. Hardwick with James Cook, Indiana University Press. 2nd ed. 2001, Press of Arisbe Associates.
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition'' (6 vols. of projected 30, 1981-present) eds. Peirce Edition Project [http://www.iupui.edu/~peirce/writings/crit.htm electronic version], Indiana University Press.
* Peirce, Charles Sanders. ''Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition'' (6 vols. of projected 30, 1981-present) eds. Peirce Edition Project [http://www.iupui.edu/~peirce/writings/crit.htm electronic version], Indiana University Press.