Changes

In regards to '''homosexuality and genetics''', science has yet to find a link in terms of it being a [[Causes of Homosexuality|cause of homosexuality]], although

In regards to '''homosexuality and genetics''', science has yet to find a link in terms of it being a [[Causes of Homosexuality|cause of homosexuality]], although

a common argument is that an inclination to [[homosexuality]] is inborn and immutable. It is widely believed that the public will become more accepting of homosexuality if they are convinced that it is inborn and immutable.  For example, neuroscientist and homosexual [[Simon Levay]] stated: "...people who think that gays and lesbians are born that way are also more likely to support gay rights."<ref>http://www.family.org/socialissues/A000000682.cfm</ref> However, a genetic basis to homosexual desire does not prevent homosexuals from [[Homosexuality_and_choice#Choice_and_Genetics|choosing]] not to participate in homosexual activities.

a common argument is that an inclination to [[homosexuality]] is inborn and immutable. It is widely believed that the public will become more accepting of homosexuality if they are convinced that it is inborn and immutable.  For example, neuroscientist and homosexual [[Simon Levay]] stated: "...people who think that gays and lesbians are born that way are also more likely to support gay rights."<ref>http://www.family.org/socialissues/A000000682.cfm</ref> However, a genetic basis to homosexual desire does not prevent homosexuals from [[Homosexuality_and_choice#Choice_and_Genetics|choosing]] not to participate in homosexual activities.

{{quotation|When asked if homosexuality was rooted solely in biology, gay gene researcher, [[Dean Hamer]], replied, "Absolutely not. From [[twin studies]], we already know that half or more of the [[variability]] in [[sexual orientation]] is not inherited. Our studies try to pinpoint the genetic factors...not negate the psychosocial factors" (Anastasia, 1995, p. 43).<ref> [http://www.narth.com/docs/hom101.html Homosexuality 101: What Every Therapist, Parent, And Homosexual Should Know] - Julie Harren, Ph.D., LMFT</ref>}}

{{quotation|When asked if homosexuality was rooted solely in biology, gay gene researcher, [[Dean Hamer]], replied, "Absolutely not. From [[twin studies]], we already know that half or more of the [[variability]] in [[sexual orientation]] is not inherited. Our studies try to pinpoint the genetic factors...not negate the psychosocial factors" (Anastasia, 1995, p. 43).<ref> [http://www.narth.com/docs/hom101.html Homosexuality 101: What Every Therapist, Parent, And Homosexual Should Know] - Julie Harren, Ph.D., LMFT</ref>}}

"Currently, there is a renewed interest in searching for biological etiologies for homosexuality. However, to date there are no replicated scientific studies supporting any specific biological etiology for homosexuality."<ref>http://www.cwfa.org/articledisplay.asp?id=5458&department=CFI&categoryid=papers</ref> }}

"Currently, there is a renewed interest in searching for biological etiologies for homosexuality. However, to date there are no replicated scientific studies supporting any specific biological etiology for homosexuality."<ref>http://www.cwfa.org/articledisplay.asp?id=5458&department=CFI&categoryid=papers</ref> }}

Research suggests that adoptive brothers are more likely to both be homosexuals than the biological brothers, who share half their [[gene]]s. This data prompted the journal ''Science'' to report "this . . . suggests that there is no genetic component, but rather an environmental component shared in families".<ref>(''Science'', Vol. 262, page 2063, December 24, 1993)</ref><ref>http://www.trueorigin.org/gaygene01.asp</ref><ref>[http://www.freetobeme.com/r_biol.htm</ref> However, in regards to [[psychosocial]] and biological theories in regards to the origin of homosexuality, [[Columbia University]] [[psychiatry]] professors Drs. William Byrne and Bruce Parsons stated in 1994: "There is no evidence that at present to substantiate a [[biology|biological]] theory. [T]he appeal of current biological explanations for sexual orientation may derive more from dissatisfaction with the present status of psychosocial explanations than from a substantiating body of experimental data".<ref name=%26quot%3Bcwfa%26quot%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ecwfa%2Eorg%2Fimages%2Fcontent%2Fbornorbred%2Epdf%26lt%3B%2Fref%26gt%3B

Research suggests that adoptive brothers are more likely to both be homosexuals than the biological brothers, who share half their [[gene]]s. This data prompted the journal ''Science'' to report "this . . . suggests that there is no genetic component, but rather an environmental component shared in families".<ref>(''Science'', Vol. 262, page 2063, December 24, 1993)</ref><ref>http://www.trueorigin.org/gaygene01.asp</ref><ref>[http://www.freetobeme.com/r_biol.htm</ref> However, in regards to [[psychosocial]] and biological theories in regards to the origin of homosexuality, [[Columbia University]] [[psychiatry]] professors Drs. William Byrne and Bruce Parsons stated in 1994: "There is no evidence that at present to substantiate a [[biology|biological]] theory. [T]he appeal of current biological explanations for sexual orientation may derive more from dissatisfaction with the present status of psychosocial explanations than from a substantiating body of experimental data".<ref name="cwfa">http://www.cwfa.org/images/content/bornorbred.pdf</ref>

Herbert Hendin wrote:

Herbert Hendin wrote:

Homosexual ''behavior'' [[Homosexuality and choice|is voluntary and subject to control by the human will]], just as heterosexual behavior is. Sex and intimacy, though, are basic necessities of human life, and acting on them, whether they be heterosexual or homosexual, is natural.  

Homosexual ''behavior'' [[Homosexuality and choice|is voluntary and subject to control by the human will]], just as heterosexual behavior is. Sex and intimacy, though, are basic necessities of human life, and acting on them, whether they be heterosexual or homosexual, is natural.  

==Work of the Human Genome Project==

==Work of the Human Genome Project==

*Dr. Collins succinctly reviewed the research on homosexuality and offers the following: "An area of particularly strong public interest is the genetic basis of homosexuality. Evidence from twin studies does in fact support the conclusion that heritable factors play a role in male homosexuality. However, the likelihood that the identical twin of a homosexual male will also be gay is about 20% (compared with 2-4 percent of males in the general population), indicating that sexual orientation is genetically influenced but not hardwired by DNA, and that whatever genes are involved represent predispositions, not predeterminations." <ref name=%26quot%3Bnarth%26quot%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Enarth%2Ecom%2Fdocs%2Fnothardwired%2Ehtml%26lt%3B%2Fref%26gt%3B

*Dr. Collins succinctly reviewed the research on homosexuality and offers the following: "An area of particularly strong public interest is the genetic basis of homosexuality. Evidence from twin studies does in fact support the conclusion that heritable factors play a role in male homosexuality. However, the likelihood that the identical twin of a homosexual male will also be gay is about 20% (compared with 2-4 percent of males in the general population), indicating that sexual orientation is genetically influenced but not hardwired by DNA, and that whatever genes are involved represent predispositions, not predeterminations." <ref name="narth">http://www.narth.com/docs/nothardwired.html</ref>

*Regarding the contributions of genetics to areas such as homosexuality, Dr. Collins concluded, "Yes, we have all been dealt a particular set of cards, and the cards will eventually be revealed. But how we play the hand is up to us."  <ref name=%26quot%3Bnarth%26quot%3B />

*Regarding the contributions of genetics to areas such as homosexuality, Dr. Collins concluded, "Yes, we have all been dealt a particular set of cards, and the cards will eventually be revealed. But how we play the hand is up to us."  <ref name="narth" />

==See Also==

==See Also==