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'''Jazz''' is an American style of music that reflects Americans' roots in Africa and Europe and which originated in [[New Orleans]] during the early years of the 20th century. The first jazz recording was made in 1917 by the [[Original Dixieland Jazz Band]], who drew heavily on African-American influences, as well as the brass bands that were popular in the South at the time. It combines African American music, ragtime, and the blues.  Jazz is typified by complex collective musical [[improvisation]].

'''Jazz''' is an American style of music that reflects Americans' roots in Africa and Europe and which originated in [[New Orleans]] during the early years of the 20th century. The first jazz recording was made in 1917 by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, who drew heavily on African-American influences, as well as the brass bands that were popular in the South at the time. It combines African American music, ragtime, and the blues.  Jazz is typified by complex collective musical [[improvisation]].

==Early Jazz==

==Early Jazz==

Up until the mid-to-late 20s, jazz was a [[polyphony|polyphonic]] (or perhaps more accurately, a [[Heterophony|heterophonic]]) music - typically, in a band such as [[King Oliver]]'s, the [[cornet]] would hold the main melody, whilst the [[clarinet]] would improvise [[obligato|obligati]] above and the [[trombone]] would add a tenor line below. Gradually, a more solo-oriented style emerged, typified by the [[Hot Five]] recordings of [[Louis Armstrong]], where instruments would take turns to solo.

Up until the mid-to-late 20s, jazz was a [[polyphony|polyphonic]] (or perhaps more accurately, a [[Heterophony|heterophonic]]) music - typically, in a band such as [[King Oliver]]'s, the [[cornet]] would hold the main melody, whilst the [[clarinet]] would improvise [[obligato|obligati]] above and the [[trombone]] would add a tenor line below. Gradually, a more solo-oriented style emerged, typified by the Hot Five recordings of [[Louis Armstrong]], where instruments would take turns to solo.

At this time, black and white bands were comprehensively segregated, with the influence of the ODJB hanging heavy over the white bands.

At this time, black and white bands were comprehensively segregated, with the influence of the ODJB hanging heavy over the white bands.

Towards the end of the 1920, the big band sound started to emerge in two places, New York and [[Kansas City]]. In New York, the [[Broadway]] influence led to the development of sophisticated orchestras such as those of [[Fletcher Henderson]] or [[Duke Ellington]], whilst in the Southwest, an earthier, bluesier style was developed by such leaders as [[Bennie Moten]] and [[Jesse Stone]]

Towards the end of the 1920, the big band sound started to emerge in two places, New York and [[Kansas City]]. In New York, the [[Broadway]] influence led to the development of sophisticated orchestras such as those of Fletcher Henderson or [[Duke Ellington]], whilst in the Southwest, an earthier, bluesier style was developed by such leaders as Bennie Moten and Jesse Stone.

==Swing==

==Swing==

Various movements emerged in the 1950s.  

Various movements emerged in the 1950s.  

Hard Bop (epitomised by [[Horace Silver]] and [[Art Blakey]] brought a 'funky', bluesy feel to the music, in reaction to the complexities of Bebop.

Hard Bop (epitomised by Horace Silver and [[Art Blakey]] brought a 'funky', bluesy feel to the music, in reaction to the complexities of Bebop.

Soul jazz, led by artists such as organist Jimmy Smith, combined elements of bebop, R&B, and gospel to create a "soulful" jazz sound.  

Soul jazz, led by artists such as organist Jimmy Smith, combined elements of bebop, R&B, and gospel to create a "soulful" jazz sound.  

Modal Jazz (pioneered by theorist [[George Russell]] and trumpeter [[Miles Davis]]) was also a contrast to Bebop, but sought to give the soloists ample space for expression by eliminating frequent chord changes.

Modal Jazz (pioneered by theorist George Russell and trumpeter [[Miles Davis]]) was also a contrast to Bebop, but sought to give the soloists ample space for expression by eliminating frequent chord changes.

==Fusion==

==Fusion==