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=== C. Middle East (Southwest Asia) ===

=== C. Middle East (Southwest Asia) ===

The Cold War did not explain every conflict in the 20th century.  For example, the Cold War did not explain the conflicts in the Middle East (Southwest Asia), where Islam is the dominant force.  The United States helped build oil wells in Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries, but the Shiite Muslims disapprove of the American presence.   

The Cold War did not explain every conflict in the 20th century.  For example, the Cold War did not explain the conflicts in the Middle East (Southwest Asia), where Islam is the dominant force.  The United States helped build oil wells in Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab countries, but the Shiite Muslims disapprove of the American presence.   

In 1952, Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew King Farouk of Egypt.  Nasser modernized Egypt’s economy and military, seeking to build a nation that could assert its power in the Middle East.

In 1952, Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew King Farouk of Egypt.  Nasser modernized Egypt’s economy and military, seeking to build a nation that could assert its power in the Middle East.

In 1980, the Sunni Iraq leader Saddam Hussein sought to conquer Iran.  Iraq and Iran fought a fierce battle for nearly a decade without a victory by either side.

In 1980, the Sunni Iraq leader Saddam Hussein sought to conquer Iran.  Iraq and Iran fought a fierce battle for nearly a decade without a victory by either side.

In 1979, Muslims in Afghanistan (in Southwest Asia) revolted against the Soviet-friendly communist government there.  The Soviets responded by invading Afghanistan and attempting to suppress the revolution.  The United States reacted to this Soviet invasion by boycotting the summer Olympic Games in Moscow and providing arms to the Afghan rebels.  The Soviets struggled for a decade in Afghanistan, much as the United States had struggled in Vietnam, and the Soviets eventually withdrew from the country.  In many ways Islam is a more powerful ideology than communism, and in this case Islam did defeat communism in Afghanistan.  But just as there are people who communist (or socialist) Christians, there are also communist (or socialist) Muslims.

In 1979, Muslims in Afghanistan (in Southwest Asia) revolted against the Soviet-friendly communist government there.  The Soviets responded by invading Afghanistan and attempting to suppress the revolution.  The United States reacted to this Soviet invasion by boycotting the summer Olympic Games in Moscow and providing arms to the Afghan rebels.  The Soviets struggled for a decade in Afghanistan, much as the United States had struggled in Vietnam, and the Soviets eventually withdrew from the country.  In many ways, Islam is a more powerful ideology than communism, and in this case Islam did defeat communism in Afghanistan.  But just as there are people who are communist (or socialist) Christians, there are also communist (or socialist) Muslims.

=== D. Eastern Europe ===

=== D. Eastern Europe ===