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The Iranian constitution calls for a Presidential election once every four years (in practice, the year following Presidential elections in the United States). Candidates are selected by the [[Guardian Council]], an unelected clerical body. Presidents are limited to two terms as in the United States. While since 1981 no Iranian President has been defeated for reelection, elections lacking an incumbent have been quite lively, as was the 2005 election, which Ahmadinejad only won at the runoff stage.
The Iranian constitution calls for a Presidential election once every four years (in practice, the year following Presidential elections in the United States). Candidates are selected by the [[Guardian Council]], an unelected clerical body. Presidents are limited to two terms as in the United States. While since 1981 no Iranian President has been defeated for reelection, elections lacking an incumbent have been quite lively, as was the 2005 election, which Ahmadinejad only won at the runoff stage.
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Ferrier, R. W., ed. ''The Arts of Persia.'' (1989). 334 pp.
* Foran, John. ''Fragile Resistance: Social Transformation in Iran
from 1500 to the Revolution.'' (1993). 452 pp.
* Irving, Clive. ''Crossroads of Civilization: 3000 Years of Persian History.'' (1980). 223 pp.
* Kamrava, Mehran. ''The Political History of Modern Iran: From
Tribalism to Theocracy.'' (1992). 177 pp.
* Mackey, Sandra. ''The Iranians: Persia, Islam and the Soul of a
Nation.'' (1996). 448 pp.
* Morgan, David. ''Medieval Persia, 1040-1797.'' (1988). 197 pp.
* Savory, Roger. ''Iran under the Safavids.'' (1980). 277 pp. covers 1501-1722 AD.
===20th century===
===20th century===
* Abrahamian, Ervand. ''Iran Between Two Revolutions'' (1982).
* Abrahamian, Ervand. ''Iran Between Two Revolutions'' (1982).
* Dabashi, Hamid. ''Theology of Discontent. The Ideological Foundation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran'' (1993).
* Dabashi, Hamid. ''Theology of Discontent. The Ideological Foundation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran'' (1993).
* Keddie, Nikki. ''Roots of Revolution'' (1981).
* Keddie, Nikki. ''Roots of Revolution'' (1981).
* Kedourie, Elie and Haim, Syvia G., eds. ''Towards a Modern Iran: Studies in Thought, Politics, and Society.'' (1980). 262 pp.
* McDaniel, Tim. ''Autocracy, Modernization, and Revolution in Russia and Iran'' (1991).
* McDaniel, Tim. ''Autocracy, Modernization, and Revolution in Russia and Iran'' (1991).
* Martin, Vanessa. ''Islam and Modernism'' (1989).
* Martin, Vanessa. ''Islam and Modernism'' (1989).
* Moin, Baqer. ''Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah'' (1999).
* Moin, Baqer. ''Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah'' (1999).
* Schayegh, Cyrus. "Recent Trends in the Historiography of Iran under the Pahlavi Dynasty, 1921–1979" ''History Compass'' v.6 #6 (Nov. 2008) pp 1400-1406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00558.x online
* Schayegh, Cyrus. "Recent Trends in the Historiography of Iran under the Pahlavi Dynasty, 1921–1979" ''History Compass'' v.6 #6 (Nov. 2008) pp 1400-1406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00558.x online
===Primary sources===
* Alexander, Yonah and Nanes, Allan, eds. ''The United States and Iran: A Documentary History.'' (1980). 524 pp.