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'''Atlanta''' is a city and metropolitan area in Georgia; the city if the state capital of Georgia and has a population of 477,000 inside the city limits in 2008; adding in the suburbs, the Atlanta metropolitian area had a population of 5,376,000 in 2008, making it the 9th largest in the United States. <ref>see [http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/013426.html Census Press release March 19, 2009]</ref>.
'''Atlanta''' is a city and metropolitan area in Georgia; the city if the state capital of Georgia and has a population of 477,000 inside the city limits in 2008; adding in the suburbs, the Atlanta metropolitian area had a population of 5,376,000 in 2008, up from 2.9 million in 1990, making it the 9th largest in the United States. <ref>see [http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/013426.html Census Press release March 19, 2009]</ref>.
Atlanta has been growing rapidly, but has been being hit hard by the national [[Recession of 2008]], ranking behind only Phoenix in the number of job losses among the 13 largest metro areas in 2008.
Atlanta has been growing rapidly, but has been hit hard by the national [[Recession of 2008]], ranking behind only Phoenix in the number of job losses among the 13 largest metro areas in 2008.
Atlanta hosted the 1996 Summer Olympic Games, and is home to the busiest airport in the world (both by number of people that fly though and by number of takeoffs and landings) the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport<ref>[http://www.atlanta-airport.com/Default.asp?url=sublevels/airport_info/gmpage.htm] Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport - About us</ref>
Atlanta is home to the busiest airport in the world (both by number of people that fly though and by number of takeoffs and landings) the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport<ref>[http://www.atlanta-airport.com/Default.asp?url=sublevels/airport_info/gmpage.htm] Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport - About us</ref>
A large majority of Atlantans attend church regularly and the city is a major center in the Southern Baptist conventions.
A large majority of Atlantans attend church regularly and the city is a major center in the Southern Baptist conventions.
It was the era of [[Jim Crow]] and by 1880 all public spaces and transportation lines were racially segregated, with inferior facilities for blacks. As the population surged 1880-1910 blue collar workers moved to the city and entrepreneurs built rental housing for them. Real estate agents sold property for development of cheaply built rental homes. Unlike other cities, such houses were mixed in with more upscale middle-class homes, making neighbors of skilled and unskilled whites and African Americans. There was little neighborhood segregation by race or class, although the races did mingle socially. Industrial jobs within walking distance made the housing attractuive. By 1910 neighborhoods were becoming class and race conscious, and the people who had rented houses on their property to working-class whites and blacks were moving to segregated, middle-class suburbs.<ref> Leeann Bishop Lands, "Speculators Attention!" Workers and Rental Housing Development in Atlanta, 1880 To 1910. Journal of Urban History 2002 28(5): 546-572. 0096-1442 </Ref>
It was the era of [[Jim Crow]] and by 1880 all public spaces and transportation lines were racially segregated, with inferior facilities for blacks. As the population surged 1880-1910 blue collar workers moved to the city and entrepreneurs built rental housing for them. Real estate agents sold property for development of cheaply built rental homes. Unlike other cities, such houses were mixed in with more upscale middle-class homes, making neighbors of skilled and unskilled whites and African Americans. There was little neighborhood segregation by race or class, although the races did mingle socially. Industrial jobs within walking distance made the housing attractuive. By 1910 neighborhoods were becoming class and race conscious, and the people who had rented houses on their property to working-class whites and blacks were moving to segregated, middle-class suburbs.<ref> Leeann Bishop Lands, "Speculators Attention!" Workers and Rental Housing Development in Atlanta, 1880 To 1910. Journal of Urban History 2002 28(5): 546-572. 0096-1442 </Ref>
The segregation did not prevent racial violence, most notably the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906. Racial tensions were intensified by a long and bitter campaign for governor in which both white candidates called for the complete exclusion of blacks from the political process. Following a series of wild rumoors of wanton black attacks on white women, a race riot erupted in the city in which whites attacked blacks on the street. Spurred on by lurid newspaper accounts of black rapists and rumors of black insurrection, roving gangs of white males attacked African Americans wherever they could find them in the downtown area and in nearby black neighborhoods. After the riot geographical segregation intensified.
The segregation did not prevent racial violence, most notably the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906. Racial tensions were intensified by a long and bitter campaign for governor in which both white candidates called for the complete exclusion of blacks from the political process. Following a series of wild rumoors of wanton black attacks on white women, a race riot erupted in the city in which whites attacked blacks on the street. Spurred on by lurid newspaper accounts of black rapists and rumors of black insurrection, roving gangs of white males attacked African Americans wherever they could find them in the downtown area and in nearby black neighborhoods. After the riot geographical segregation intensified.<ref> See Mark Bauerlein, ''Negrophobia: A Race Riot in Atlanta, 1906.'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/negrophobia-a-race-riot-in-atlanta-1906-by-mark-bauerlein.jsp online]. </ref>
===1920-1960===
===1920-1960===
By the 1920s, Auburn Avenue was already home to a wide range of black-owned and black-operated businesses, such as insurance companies, banks, a newspaper, barber and beauty shops, restaurants, grocery stores, photo studios, and funeral homes that provided African Americans the services denied them in the larger urban community. Freed from competition with white businessmen and assured the patronage of Atlanta's black community, many black entrepreneurs and their businesses prospered under Jim Crow.
===1960 to present===
===1960 to present===
Restaurant owner Lester Maddox and his wife Virginia worked tirelessly to galvanize Atlanta's white-supremacist population against integration in the early 1960s. Even though the city ultimately rejected segregation to foster rapid economic growth, Maddox gained statewide support and was eventually elected governor of Georgia.<ref> Justin Nystrom, "Segregation's Last Stand: Lester Maddox and the Transformation of Atlanta" ''Atlanta History'' 2001 45(2): 34-51. 0896-3975 </ref>
Restaurant owner Lester Maddox and his wife Virginia worked tirelessly to galvanize Atlanta's white-supremacist population against integration in the early 1960s. Even though the city ultimately rejected segregation to foster rapid economic growth, Maddox gained statewide support and was eventually elected governor of Georgia.<ref> Justin Nystrom, "Segregation's Last Stand: Lester Maddox and the Transformation of Atlanta" ''Atlanta History'' 2001 45(2): 34-51. 0896-3975 </ref>
==Sports in Atlanta==
==Sports in Atlanta==
Atlanta hosted the 1996 Summer Olympic Games.<ref> Gregory D. Andranovich et al. ''Olympic Dreams: The Impact of Mega-Events on Local Politics'' (2001), Chap. 5 "Atlanta and the 1996 Summer Games"; [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105848420 online]</ref>
*[[Atlanta Falcons]] ([[NFL]] [[Football]])
*[[Atlanta Falcons]] ([[NFL]] [[Football]])
*[[Atlanta Braves]] ([[Major League Baseball|MLB]] [[Baseball]])
*[[Atlanta Braves]] ([[Major League Baseball|MLB]] [[Baseball]])
* Allen, Frederick. ''Atlanta Rising: The Invention of an International City, 1946-1996.'' Atlanta: Longstreet, 1996. 290 pp.
* Allen, Frederick. ''Atlanta Rising: The Invention of an International City, 1946-1996.'' Atlanta: Longstreet, 1996. 290 pp.
* Barnard, Susan Kessler. ''Buckhead: A Place For All Time.'' Marietta, Ga.: Bemis, 1996. 270 pp.
* Barnard, Susan Kessler. ''Buckhead: A Place For All Time.'' Marietta, Ga.: Bemis, 1996. 270 pp.
* Bauerlein, Mark. ''Negrophobia: A Race Riot in Atlanta, 1906.'' (2001). 337 pp.
* Bauerlein, Mark. ''Negrophobia: A Race Riot in Atlanta, 1906.'' (2001). 337 pp. [http://www.questia.com/library/book/negrophobia-a-race-riot-in-atlanta-1906-by-mark-bauerlein.jsp online edition]
* Bayor, Ronald H. ''Race and the Shaping of Twentieth-Century Atlanta.'' (1996). 334 pp. by a leading scholar
* Bayor, Ronald H. ''Race and the Shaping of Twentieth-Century Atlanta.'' (1996). 334 pp. by a leading scholar
* Braden, Betsy and Hagan, Paul. ''A Dream Takes Flight: Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport and Aviation in Atlanta.'' (1989). 252 pp.
* Braden, Betsy and Hagan, Paul. ''A Dream Takes Flight: Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport and Aviation in Atlanta.'' (1989). 252 pp.
* Daniel, Wayne W. ''Pickin' on Peachtree: A History of Country Music in Atlanta, Georgia.'' (1990). 295 pp.
* Daniel, Wayne W. ''Pickin' on Peachtree: A History of Country Music in Atlanta, Georgia.'' (1990). 295 pp.
* Davis, Harold E. ''Henry Grady's New South: Atlanta, a Brave and Beautiful City.'' (1990). 254 pp.
* Davis, Harold E. ''Henry Grady's New South: Atlanta, a Brave and Beautiful City.'' (1990). 254 pp.
* Doyle, Don H. ''New Men, New Cities, New South: Atlanta, ashville, Charleston, Mobile, 1860-1910.'' (1990). 369 pp. by a leading scholar
* Doyle, Don H. ''New Men, New Cities, New South: Atlanta, ashville, Charleston, Mobile, 1860-1910.'' (1990). 369 pp. by a leading scholar [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9348093 online edition]
* Ferguson, Karen. ''Black Politics in New Deal Atlanta.'' (2002). 336 pp. [ online edition]
* Ferguson, Karen. ''Black Politics in New Deal Atlanta.'' (2002). 336 pp. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101415685 online edition]
* Garrison, Webb. ''Atlanta and the Civil War.'' Nashville: Rutledge Hill, 1995. 283 pp.
* Garrison, Webb. ''Atlanta and the Civil War.'' Nashville: Rutledge Hill, 1995. 283 pp.
* Greenhouse, Carol J. ''Praying for Justice: Faith, Order, and Community in an American Town.'' (1986). 222 pp. on Southern Baptists
* Greenhouse, Carol J. ''Praying for Justice: Faith, Order, and Community in an American Town.'' (1986). 222 pp. on Southern Baptists
* Newman, Harvey K. ''Southern Hospitality: Tourism and the Growth of Atlanta.'' (1999). 374 pp.
* Newman, Harvey K. ''Southern Hospitality: Tourism and the Growth of Atlanta.'' (1999). 374 pp.
* Preston, Howard L. ''Automobile Age Atlanta: The Making of a Southern Metropolis, 1900-1935.'' (1979). 203 pp.
* Preston, Howard L. ''Automobile Age Atlanta: The Making of a Southern Metropolis, 1900-1935.'' (1979). 203 pp.
* Rabinowitz, Howard N. ''Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890''. (1980).
* Roth, Darlene R. and Ambrose, Andy. ''Metropolitan Frontiers: A Short History of Atlanta.'' Atlanta: Longstreet, 1996. 226 pp.
* Roth, Darlene R. and Ambrose, Andy. ''Metropolitan Frontiers: A Short History of Atlanta.'' Atlanta: Longstreet, 1996. 226 pp.
* Russell, James Michael. ''Atlanta, 1847-1890: City Building in the Old South and the New.'' (1988). 314 pp.
* Russell, James Michael. ''Atlanta, 1847-1890: City Building in the Old South and the New.'' (1988). 314 pp.