Changes

Patrick Henry persuaded the Virginia legislature not to elect Madison as one of their first Senators; but Madison was elected by the voters to the new House of Representatives and became a dominant leader from the First Congress (1789-90) through the Fourth Congress (1797-98).  

Patrick Henry persuaded the Virginia legislature not to elect Madison as one of their first Senators; but Madison was elected by the voters to the new House of Representatives and became a dominant leader from the First Congress (1789-90) through the Fourth Congress (1797-98).  

Initially Madison said that a specific bill of rights was unnecessary because "the Constitution itself was a bill of rights."<ref>Matthews, 1995, p. 130.</ref> Madison had three main objections to a specific bill of rights:

Initially Madison had three main objections to a specific bill of rights:

*it was unnecessary, since it purported to protect against powers that the federal government had not been granted;

*it was unnecessary, since it purported to protect against powers that the federal government had not been granted;

* it was dangerous, since enumeration of some rights might be taken to imply the absence of other rights; and  

* it was dangerous, since enumeration of some rights might be taken to imply the absence of other rights; and  

* at the state level, bills of rights had proven to be useless paper barriers against government powers.<ref> Wood, 2006b.</ref>

* at the state level, bills of rights had proven to be useless paper barriers against government powers.<ref> Wood, 2006b.</ref>

But the anti-Federalists in many states had demanded a bill of rights in exchange for their support for ratification. Over two hundred proposals were submitted from throughout the country. Madison ignored the proposals for structural change of the government, and synthesized the others into a list of proposals for the protection of civil rights, such as free speech and "habeas corpus." In June 1789 Madison offered a package of twelve proposed amendments to the House. Reversing his previous opposition he hounded his colleagues relentlessly to accept his proposed amendments.<ref>Wood, 2006b.</ref>

But the anti-Federalists in many states had demanded a bill of rights in exchange for their support for ratification. Over two hundred proposals were submitted from throughout the country. Madison ignored the proposals for structural change of the government, and synthesized the others into a short list of proposals for the protection of civil rights, such as free speech and habeas corpus. In June 1789 Madison offered a package of twelve proposed amendments to the House. Reversing his previous opposition he hounded his colleagues relentlessly to accept his proposed amendments.<ref>Wood, 2006b.</ref>

By December 1791, ten of Madison's proposed amendments were ratified and became the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights did not apply to the states until the passages of Fourteenth Amendment gave a federal guarantee to federal rights inside the states.  

By December 1791, ten of Madison's proposed amendments were ratified and became the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights did not apply to the states until the passages of Fourteenth Amendment gave a federal guarantee to federal rights inside the states.

==Opposition to Hamilton==

==Opposition to Hamilton==