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John Gresham Machen (1881 – 1937) was the last major representative of the [[Princeton Theology]] in the  

John Gresham Machen (1881 – 1937) was the last major representative of the [[Princeton Theology]] in the  

twentieth century as well as the leading spokesperson for fundamentalism in its battles with modernist theology in the 1920s. He taught [[New Testament]] from 1906 to 1929 at [[Princeton Theological Seminary]], then left to form [[Westminster Theological Seminary]] in Philadelphia, as a new stronghold for his beliefs; he taught the New Testament there 1929-37.   

twentieth century as well as the leading spokesperson for fundamentalism in its battles with modernist theology in the 1920s. He taught [[New Testament]] from 1906 to 1929 at [[Princeton Theological Seminary]], then left to form [[Westminster Theological Seminary]] in Philadelphia, as a new stronghold for his beliefs; he taught the New Testament there 1929-37.  He was a leader of Calvinist [[Fundamentalism]]; they did not accept the theories of [[Dispensationalism]].

 

==Presbyterian battles==

==Presbyterian battles==

In 1905 he spent a year studying under liberal German theologian [[Wilhelm Herrmann|Johann Wilhelm Herrmann]].  Machen had no connection with Swiss theologian [[Karl Barth]], whose rejection of modernism at about the same time led to the school of "[[neo-orthodoxy]]."  Machen's 1923 book ''Christianity and Liberalism'' is considered a classic work of [[Fundamentalism|Anti-Modernist]] thought.  Machen maintained that theological liberalism was both un-Christian and unscientific<ref> Chapter 19 "The Fundamentalist and Neo-Evangelical Traditions" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=e7BXpAsDXh0C&pg=RA1-PA352&vq=Fundamentalist+fanatic&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1#PRA1-PA357,M1 ''American Religious Traditions: The Shaping of Religion in the United States''], Richard E. Wentz, Fortress Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8006-3616-3</ref>. His book was the conservative response to [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]]'s 1922 sermon “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” and the book ''Christianity and Progress''.  Machen even won praise from Walter Lippmann.<ref> Lippmann, ''A Preface to Morals'' (1929) [http://books.google.com/books?id=-wDICbaI80kC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA32,M1 online p. 32]</ref>.   

In 1905 Machen spent a year studying under liberal German theologian [[Wilhelm Herrmann|Johann Wilhelm Herrmann]].  Machen had no connection with Swiss theologian [[Karl Barth]], whose rejection of modernism at about the same time led to the school of "[[neo-orthodoxy]]."  Machen's 1923 book ''Christianity and Liberalism'' is considered a classic work of [[Fundamentalism|Anti-Modernist]] thought.  Machen maintained that theological liberalism was both un-Christian and unscientific<ref> Chapter 19 "The Fundamentalist and Neo-Evangelical Traditions" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=e7BXpAsDXh0C&pg=RA1-PA352&vq=Fundamentalist+fanatic&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1#PRA1-PA357,M1 ''American Religious Traditions: The Shaping of Religion in the United States''], Richard E. Wentz, Fortress Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8006-3616-3</ref>. His book was the conservative response to [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]]'s 1922 sermon “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” and the book ''Christianity and Progress''.  Machen even won praise from Walter Lippmann.<ref> Lippmann, ''A Preface to Morals'' (1929) [http://books.google.com/books?id=-wDICbaI80kC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA32,M1 online p. 32]</ref>.   

He countered liberal Presbyterian figures, such as [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]] in the 1920's and [[Pearl Buck]] in the 1930s.  Machen tried and succeeded in forcing Fosdick out of the presbyterian fold. But when he set up the "Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions" in 1933 to attack unorthodox missionaries, he was tried and suspended in 1935 from the ministry in the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.

Machen countered liberal Presbyterian figures, such as [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]] in the 1920s and [[Pearl Buck]] in the 1930s.  Machen tried and succeeded in forcing Fosdick out of the Presbyterian fold. But when he set up the "Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions" in 1933 to attack unorthodox missionaries, he was tried and suspended in 1935 from the ministry in the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.

Machen in 1936 helped found the '''Presbyterian Church in America,''' (now called the [[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]]). It holds steadfastly to the Westminster Standards, and was founded by conservatives who split away from the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) because they strongly opposed the pervasive Modernist theology of the 1930s.   

Machen in 1936 helped found the '''Presbyterian Church in America,''' (now called the [[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]]). It holds steadfastly to the Westminster Standards, and was founded by conservatives who split away from the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) because they strongly opposed the pervasive Modernist theology of the 1930s.