Changes

==Programs==

==Programs==

===Publications===

===Publications===

During 1886-1901, the Woman's Temperance Publishing Association (WTPA) in Chicago was the official publishing house of the national WCTU. By 1890, the WTPA employed more than 100 people and produced more than 125 million pages of literature annually. Focuses on the scope and methods of operation of the WTPA, which engaged in a wide variety of publishing and bookselling activities in order to reach the public with the WCTU message. In the 1890s, the proportion of commercial printing of the WTPA's total annual production steadily increased and accounted for two-thirds of the output by 1898. However, the WTPA's profits were adversely affected by the economy of the 1890's, by rapid technological advances in printing machinery, and by conflicts within the WCTU and the WTPA board of directors. These factors led to the company's decisions in the early 1900's to lease the business to the William Johnston Printing Company and to withdraw as an affiliate of the WCTU.<ref> Jane L. McKeever, "The Woman's Temperance Publishing Association." ''Library Quarterly'' 1985 55(4): 365-397. 0024-2519 </ref>

During 1886-1901, the Woman's Temperance Publishing Association (WTPA) in Chicago was the official publishing house of the national WCTU. By 1890, the WTPA employed more than 100 people and produced more than 125 million pages of literature annually. Focuses on the scope and methods of operation of the WTPA, which engaged in a wide variety of publishing and book selling activities in order to reach the public with the WCTU message. In the 1890s, the proportion of commercial printing of the WTPA's total annual production steadily increased and accounted for two-thirds of the output by 1898. However, the WTPA's profits were adversely affected by the economy of the 1890's, by rapid technological advances in printing machinery, and by conflicts within the WCTU and the WTPA board of directors. These factors led to the company's decisions in the early 1900's to lease the business to the William Johnston Printing Company and to withdraw as an affiliate of the WCTU.<ref> Jane L. McKeever, "The Woman's Temperance Publishing Association." ''Library Quarterly'' 1985 55(4): 365-397. 0024-2519 </ref>

===Textbooks===

===Textbooks===

Mrs. Mary Hanchett Hunt, as chairman of the WCTU's scientific temperance committee, led a campaign for the textbook study of temperance in the public schools. In 1882 she succeeded in having the Vermont legislature pass a bill to make such instruction mandatory. Other states followed and by 1901 all states had such laws. In 1886 a Congressional bill for temperance instruction in the public schools was signed by President [[Grover Cleveland]] (a wet who opposed prohibition).  Mrs. Hunt's campaign extended to textbook coverage of temperance, which aroused the opposition of the Committee of Fifty, of the ''Popular Science Monthly'', and other periodicals. After Mrs. Hunt's death in 1906 the WCTU stopped endorsing textbooks, yet temperance instruction remained in vogue until after the repeal of Prohibition.<ref> Norton Mezvinsky,  "Scientific Temperance Instruction in the Schools." ''History of Education Quarterly'' 1961 1(1): 48-56. 0018-2680  </ref>

Mrs. Mary Hanchett Hunt, as chairman of the WCTU's scientific temperance committee, led a campaign for the textbook study of temperance in the public schools. In 1882 she succeeded in having the Vermont legislature pass a bill to make such instruction mandatory. Other states followed and by 1901 all states had such laws. In 1886 a Congressional bill for temperance instruction in the public schools was signed by President [[Grover Cleveland]] (a wet who opposed prohibition).  Mrs. Hunt's campaign extended to textbook coverage of temperance, which aroused the opposition of the Committee of Fifty, of the ''Popular Science Monthly'', and other periodicals. After Mrs. Hunt's death in 1906 the WCTU stopped endorsing textbooks, yet temperance instruction remained in vogue until after the repeal of Prohibition.<ref> Norton Mezvinsky,  "Scientific Temperance Instruction in the Schools." ''History of Education Quarterly'' 1961 1(1): 48-56. 0018-2680  </ref>

The WCTU based its broad reform campaigns on women's "natural" moral superiority and on the public virtue of motherhood. Such a conservative foundation, combined with the organization's commitment to a very wide range of social issues, permitted the active involvement of both conservatives and radicals. The World WCTU Convention of 1920 addressed world peace, suffrage, domestic violence, and prostitution, as well as alcoholism.  

The WCTU based its broad reform campaigns on women's "natural" moral superiority and on the public virtue of motherhood. Such a conservative foundation, combined with the organization's commitment to a very wide range of social issues, permitted the active involvement of both conservatives and radicals. The World WCTU Convention of 1920 addressed world peace, suffrage, domestic violence, and prostitution, as well as alcoholism.  

Purity crusades, including efforts to stamp out pornographyt and prostitution, were major activities. The Department for the Promotion of Purity in Literature and Art was established in 1883. Its strategy was to use "pure culture" to effect the moral transformation of youth. The WCTU worked for legal censorship, published magazines for children and young adults, distributed inexpensive reproductions of famous paintings, and promoted and produced pro-temperance films. In this way, middle-class Americans sought to create and support middlebrow culture.<ref> Alison M. Parker, "'Hearts Uplifted And Minds Refreshed': The Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Production of Pure Culture in the United States, 1880-1930." ''Journal of Women's History'' 1999 11(2): 135-158. 1042-7961 </ref>  

Purity crusades, including efforts to stamp out pornography and prostitution, were major activities. The Department for the Promotion of Purity in Literature and Art was established in 1883. Its strategy was to use "pure culture" to effect the moral transformation of youth. The WCTU worked for legal censorship, published magazines for children and young adults, distributed inexpensive reproductions of famous paintings, and promoted and produced pro-temperance films. In this way, middle-class Americans sought to create and support middlebrow culture.<ref> Alison M. Parker, "'Hearts Uplifted And Minds Refreshed': The Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Production of Pure Culture in the United States, 1880-1930." ''Journal of Women's History'' 1999 11(2): 135-158. 1042-7961 </ref>  

The WCTU archives are in the Frances E. Willard Memorial Library, Evanston, Illinois,  

The WCTU archives are in the Frances E. Willard Memorial Library, Evanston, Illinois,