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===Political Science===

===Political Science===

''The Review of Politics'' was founded in 1939 by Waldemar Gurian, a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent.<ref> Thomas Stritch, "After Forty Years: Notre Dame and the Review Of Politics" ''Review Of Politics'' 1978 40: 437-446. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1406757  in JSTOR]</ref> Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Waldemar Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. ''The Review of Politics'' was modeled by Gurian after German Catholic journals and quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to the failed positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the ''Review'' was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Judeo-Christian and scholastic tradition.  Gerhart Niemeyer (1907-97) was a professor of political science; his courses on communist ideology were particularly accessible to his students.<ref> William S. Miller, "Gerhart Niemeyer: His Principles of Conservatism," ''Modern Age'' 2007 49(3): 273-284 </ref>  

''The Review of Politics'' was founded in 1939 by Waldemar Gurian, a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent.<ref> Thomas Stritch, "After Forty Years: Notre Dame and the Review Of Politics" ''Review Of Politics'' 1978 40: 437-446. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1406757  in JSTOR]</ref> Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. ''The Review of Politics'' was modeled by Gurian after German Catholic journals and quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to the failed positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the ''Review'' was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Judeo-Christian and scholastic tradition.  Gerhart Niemeyer (1907-97) was a professor of political science; his courses on communist ideology were particularly accessible to his students.<ref> William S. Miller, "Gerhart Niemeyer: His Principles of Conservatism," ''Modern Age'' 2007 49(3): 273-284 </ref>  

 

==Student life==

==Student life==

The Catholic Total Abstinence Union was influential among students at Notre Dame University in South Bend, Indiana, from its founding in 1842, and by 1880 the campus was officially "dry." World War I changes included a lessening of interest in temperance, more off-campus freedom for students, and national prohibition, and, although the use of alcohol by students, on or off campus, was still forbidden, it was increasingly more difficult to enforce. Father John O'Hara, the Prefect of Religion, re-encouraged temperance in the early 1920s, and although he became president of Notre Dame in 1933, the temperance movement had run its course by the time he left in 1939. The influx of World War II veterans to the university in the late 1940's sealed the fate of Notre Dame's temperance movement.<ref> John F. Quinn, "'It's Fashionable Here to be a Total Abstainer': Temperance Advocacy at the University of Notre Dame, 1870-1940." ''American Catholic Studies'' 1999 110: 1-27. 0002-7790 </ref>  

The Catholic Total Abstinence Union was influential among undergraduates from its founding in 1842, and by 1880 the campus was officially "dry." World War I changes included a lessening of interest in temperance, more off-campus freedom for students, and national prohibition, and, although the use of alcohol by students, on or off campus, was still forbidden, it was increasingly more difficult to enforce. Father John O'Hara, the Prefect of Religion, re-encouraged temperance in the early 1920s, and although he became president of Notre Dame in 1933, the temperance movement had run its course by the time he left in 1939. The influx of World War II veterans to the university in the late 1940s sealed the fate of Notre Dame's temperance movement.<ref> John F. Quinn, "'It's Fashionable Here to be a Total Abstainer': Temperance Advocacy at the University of Notre Dame, 1870-1940." ''American Catholic Studies'' 1999 110: 1-27. 0002-7790 </ref>  

Women were admitted as graduate students after World War II, and as undergraduates in 1972, at a time when almost all formerly male-only colleges made the transition.

Women were admitted as graduate students after World War II, and as undergraduates in 1972, at a time when almost all formerly male-only colleges made the transition.

Notre Dame has 12 men's and 12 women's sports teams.<ref name="sports"/> The football program has won 13 bowl games (while losing 15) and 13 national championships.<ref>http://www.nationalchamps.net/NCAA/database/notredame_database.htm</ref>

Notre Dame has 12 men's and 12 women's sports teams.<ref name="sports"/> The football program has won 13 bowl games (while losing 15) and 13 national championships.<ref>http://www.nationalchamps.net/NCAA/database/notredame_database.htm</ref>

George Gipp was the school’s legendary football player during 1916-20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that coach [[Knute Rockne]] used his final conversation with Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper." He was the subject of a a 1940 film, "Knute Rockne - All American," starring Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and [[Ronald Reagan]] as Gipp.

George Gipp was the school’s legendary football player during 1916-20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach [[Knute Rockne]] used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper." The  1940 film, "Knute Rockne - All American," starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and [[Ronald Reagan]] as Gipp.

==Further reading==

==Further reading==