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The city was founded by Constantine in A.D. 330. Although originally he named it Nova Roma, which was Latin for "new Rome," the mostly Greek residents he settled in the city called it Constantinopolis, and in English this is Constantinople. He made it the capital of the Roman Empire, but for fifty years most emperors spent most of their reigns not in Constantine's palace but fighting against either the Persians or the Germans. Emperor Theodosius was the first potentate to spend most of his reign in the city. When he died in 395, the empire split into western and eastern halves. In 527 [[Justinian]] became emperor and issued a collection of all laws ever published by the Roman emperors, from Augustus to Theodosius. When a fire destroyed most of Constantine's buildings, Justinian rebuilt in a magnificent half-Greek, half-Oriental, and half-Roman style. His most famous building was the Hagia Sophia, built in 537 in Asian style. During the early seventh century, the city was threatened by the Persians, but the emperor Heraclius raised a large and well-equipped army which defeated them and retook Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, which the Persians had seized. But then the Arabs, now followers of [[Islam]], seized Syria, Egypt, Palestine, and North Africa. Meanwhile, lands in northern Italy and southern Spain taken by Justinian were lost to Germanic kings.  

The city was founded by Constantine in A.D. 330. Although originally he named it Nova Roma, which was Latin for "new Rome," the mostly Greek residents he settled in the city called it Constantinopolis, and in English this is Constantinople. He made it the capital of the Roman Empire, but for fifty years most emperors spent most of their reigns not in Constantine's palace but fighting against either the Persians or the Germans. Emperor Theodosius was the first potentate to spend most of his reign in the city. When he died in 395, the empire split into western and eastern halves. In 527 [[Justinian]] became emperor and issued a collection of all laws ever published by the Roman emperors, from Augustus to Theodosius. When a fire destroyed most of Constantine's buildings, Justinian rebuilt in a magnificent half-Greek, half-Oriental, and half-Roman style. His most famous building was the Hagia Sophia, built in 537 in Asian style. During the early seventh century, the city was threatened by the Persians, but the emperor Heraclius raised a large and well-equipped army which defeated them and retook Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, which the Persians had seized. But then the Arabs, now followers of [[Islam]], seized Syria, Egypt, Palestine, and North Africa. Meanwhile, lands in northern Italy and southern Spain taken by Justinian were lost to Germanic kings.  

In 1071, the Seljuk Turks, who had converted to Islam, took all of Asia Minor and threatened to sail across the Bosporus and seize Constantinople. Twenty-four years later, Emperor Alexius IV pitifully appealed to Pope Urban II, who by the power of his speech convinced the French, the Germans, and the English to embark on a crusade (holy war for Christ and coming from the Latin word for the cross) to protect Byzantium AND seize Jerusalem from the Muslims. Both succeeded, but in 1204 French knights headed to Egypt sacked Constantinople, installed a Western emperor, and tried to make Byzantium Catholic and Latin-speaking. Yet in 1261 the exile Michael Palelogoi seized the city and became Emperor Michael VIII. He restored much of the city's wealth and fortifications, but wasted troops on seizing Asia Minor. But the Ottoman Turks arose and seized Asia. In 1453, Sultan Mehmed II seized the city and eliminated all signs of Jesus Christ from the city. But God had His revenge by destroying the Ottoman Empire in 1923.  

In 1071, the Seljuk Turks, who had converted to Islam, took all of Asia Minor and threatened to sail across the Bosporus and seize Constantinople. Twenty-four years later, Emperor Alexius IV appealed to Pope Urban II, who by the power of his speech convinced the French, the Germans, and the English to embark on a [[Crusade]] or holy war to protect Byzantium and seize Jerusalem from the Muslims. Both succeeded, but in 1204 French knights headed to Egypt sacked Constantinople, installed a Western emperor, and tried to make Byzantium Catholic and Latin-speaking. Yet in 1261 the exile Michael Palelogoi seized the city and became Emperor Michael VIII. He restored much of the city's wealth and fortifications, but wasted troops on seizing Asia Minor. But the Ottoman Turks arose and seized Asia. In 1453, Sultan Mehmed II seized the city ended the Byzantine Empire.

Today the city is named Istanbul, and is located n modern-day Turkey, the remnant of the Ottoman Empire.

Today the city is named [[Istanbul]], and is located in modern-day Turkey.

[[Category:Cities]]

[[Category:Cities]]