Changes

The Soviet Union conducted an extensive and continuous espionage attack against the security institutions—political, economic, and scientific—of the United States from the time of Washington's diplomatic recognition of the USSR by the Roosevelt Administration. <ref>Felix Wittmer, [http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/6315/yaltabet.html ''The Yalta Betrayal''], Claxton Printers, 1953, p. 15. </ref>  That attack continued not only during the time [[Molotov-Ribbentrop pact|the USSR was allied with Nazi Germany from 1939]] until it was [[Operation Barbarossa|attacked by Germany in 1941]], but during the war years 1941–1945 when the Soviet Union was one of America's main allies.  The main thrust was to give impetus to the Soviet drive for [[World Revolution]]; to increase the political power of  CPUSA, and to strengthen the Soviet economy by economic and scientific espionage.  A major instrument of Moscow's policy was the CPUSA.  

The Soviet Union conducted an extensive and continuous espionage attack against the security institutions—political, economic, and scientific—of the United States from the time of Washington's diplomatic recognition of the USSR by the Roosevelt Administration. <ref>Felix Wittmer, [http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/6315/yaltabet.html ''The Yalta Betrayal''], Claxton Printers, 1953, p. 15. </ref>  That attack continued not only during the time [[Molotov-Ribbentrop pact|the USSR was allied with Nazi Germany from 1939]] until it was [[Operation Barbarossa|attacked by Germany in 1941]], but during the war years 1941–1945 when the Soviet Union was one of America's main allies.  The main thrust was to give impetus to the Soviet drive for [[World Revolution]]; to increase the political power of  CPUSA, and to strengthen the Soviet economy by economic and scientific espionage.  A major instrument of Moscow's policy was the CPUSA.  

The CPUSA was under heavy attack by the U.S. government after 1947 and the start of the [[Cold War]].  After gaining control of many [[CIO]] locals and unions it was expelled from the CIO in 1948 and operated some small unions, such as the fur workers. It supported and gained control of the presidential campaign of [[Henry A. Wallace]] in 1948.  After 1948 it was a hunted target but played only a small role.

The CPUSA was under heavy attack by the U.S. government after 1947 and the start of the [[Cold War]].  After gaining control of many [[CIO]] locals and unions it was expelled from the CIO in 1948 and operated some small unions, such as the fur workers. It supported and gained control of the presidential campaign of [[Henry A. Wallace]] in 1948.  After 1948 it was a hunted target and played only a small role.

[[File:Brand.gif]]

[[File:Brand.gif|thumb|240px]]

==Early years==

==Early years==

As the [[Presidential election of 1944]] approached Browder and [[Sidney Hillman]] teamed up to capture the [[American Labor Party]]. Hilman’s [[Council of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) enjoyed a favored position before [[Franklin Roosevelt]]’s [[National Labor Relations Board]].

As the [[Presidential election of 1944]] approached Browder and [[Sidney Hillman]] teamed up to capture the [[American Labor Party]]. Hilman’s [[Council of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) enjoyed a favored position before [[Franklin Roosevelt]]’s [[National Labor Relations Board]].

 

 

President Truman's Executive Order 9835 of 22 March 1947 tightened protections against subversive infiltration of the US Government, defining disloyalty as membership on a list of subversive organizations maintained by the Attorney General.

President Truman's Executive Order 9835 of 22 March 1947 tightened protections against subversive infiltration of the US Government, defining disloyalty as membership on a list of subversive organizations maintained by the Attorney General.

It was the belief of opponents of the CPUSA such as [[J. Edgar Hoover]], long-time director of the FBI, and [[Joseph McCarthy]] and other [[anticommunism|anticommunists]] that the CPUSA constituted an active conspiracy, was secretive, loyal to a foreign power, and dedicated to the clandestine infiltration of American cultural and political institutions.<ref>  This is the "traditionalist" view of conservative scholars such as Harvey Klehr and John Earl Haynes.  Senator [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]], Chairman of the Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy wrote in 1997, "President Truman was almost willfully obtuse as regards American Communism."</ref>

It was the belief of opponents of the CPUSA such as [[J. Edgar Hoover]], long-time director of the FBI, and [[Joseph McCarthy]] and other [[anticommunism|anticommunists]] that the CPUSA constituted an active conspiracy, was secretive, loyal to a foreign power, and dedicated to the clandestine infiltration of American cultural and political institutions.<ref>  This is the "traditionalist" view of conservative scholars such as Harvey Klehr and John Earl Haynes.  Senator [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]], Chairman of the Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy wrote in 1997, "President Truman was almost willfully obtuse as regards American Communism."</ref>

==Subversive Activities Control Act ==

 

===Subversive Activities Control Act ===

In the "Findings and declarations of fact" of the [[United States Congress]] in the [[Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950]], in 50 [[U.S. Code]] Chapter 23 Subchapter IV Sec. 841, that,

In the "Findings and declarations of fact" of the [[United States Congress]] in the [[Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950]], in 50 [[U.S. Code]] Chapter 23 Subchapter IV Sec. 841, that,