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Hiss testified that he never gave any documents to Whittaker Chambers, and that he had no contact with Chambers after January 1, 1937. The grand jury indicted Hiss on two counts of perjury, charging that he lied under oath in both these statements. Because the statute of limitations had expired, the grand jury could not consider espionage charges.

Hiss testified that he never gave any documents to Whittaker Chambers, and that he had no contact with Chambers after January 1, 1937. The grand jury indicted Hiss on two counts of perjury, charging that he lied under oath in both these statements. Because the statute of limitations had expired, the grand jury could not consider espionage charges.

Just as Chambers had gained the upper hand by voluntarily waiving immunity from slander, ex-[[Socialist]]<ref>"Joined the Harvard Socialist Club and later became president... Elected to Executive Committee, Intercollegiate Socialist Society... Joined the Socialist Party, New York County, and the Socialist Press Club of New York City." [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9034000C.rtf Walter Lippmann Papers. Part 4: Early Papers, 1904-1920 (Reels 164-170)]: Chronology. Manuscript and Archives Division, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University; cf. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=2v9aAAAAMAAJ The Intercollegiate Socialist]'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 1918), p. 36. Even after ending his formal membership, Lippmann remained a loyal fellow-traveler: In the midst of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, "WJL" (Walter J. Lippmann) wrote to "ECC" (Edward C. Carter, head of the American Russian Institute and [[Institute of Pacific Relations]]), urging "cooperation with the European revolutionaries and the Soviet Union in their attempt to build a socialist Europe as a nucleus for a world socialist order, with the obvious corollary of the establishment of socialism in this country." Walter Lippmann to Edward C. Carter, June 10, 1940, p. 5 (PDF p. 100), FBI file: [http://education-research.org/PDFs/IPR54.11.pdf  Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 54, Part 11],  pp. 96-101.</ref> and [[Soviet]] intelligence source<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/9sep_lippman_views_churchill_roosevelt.pdf 1289 New York to Moscow], September 9, 1944. According to Eric Alterman, a columnist and [http://www.thenation.com/blogs/altercation blogger] for ''The Nation'', Lippmann "offered much more useful information to the Soviets than [I.F.]  Stone ever did." (Eric Alterman, "[http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=stone_cold_untruths Stone Cold Untruths]," ''The American Prospect'', October 3, 2006)</ref> Walter Lippman (whose secretary, [[Mary Price]], was a Soviet agent)<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1943/8jun_dir_courier.pdf 868 KGB New York to Moscow, 8 June 1943]. Cf. [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/29apr_recruits.pdf 588 New York to Moscow, 29 April 1944]. See also [http://ia311343.us.archive.org/2/items/instituteofpacif02unit/instituteofpacif02unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations Hearings, Part 2], Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 82nd Cong., 1st Sess., August 9, 14, 16, 20, 22, and 23, 1951 (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1951), p. 406; Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, ''The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors'' (Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 2001) ISBN 0895262258, p. 439 and John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999) ISBN 0300077718, p. 99</ref> suggested that Hiss turn the tables by waiving the statute of limitations on espionage. Hiss never took him up on that suggestion.<ref>Allen Weinstein, ''Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978), ISBN 0394495462, p. 384</ref>

Just as Chambers had gained the upper hand by voluntarily waiving immunity from slander, ex-[[Socialist]]<ref>"Joined the Harvard Socialist Club and later became president... Elected to Executive Committee, Intercollegiate Socialist Society... Joined the Socialist Party, New York County, and the Socialist Press Club of New York City." [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9034000C.rtf Walter Lippmann Papers. Part 4: Early Papers, 1904-1920 (Reels 164-170)]: Chronology. Manuscript and Archives Division, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University; cf. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=2v9aAAAAMAAJ The Intercollegiate Socialist]'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 1918), p. 36. Even after ending his formal membership, Lippmann remained a loyal fellow-traveler: In the midst of the [[Nazi-Soviet Pact]], "WJL" (Walter J. Lippmann) wrote to "ECC" (Edward C. Carter, head of the American Russian Institute and [[Institute of Pacific Relations]]), urging "cooperation with the European revolutionaries and the Soviet Union in their attempt to build a socialist Europe as a nucleus for a world socialist order, with the obvious corollary of the establishment of socialism in this country." Walter Lippmann to Edward C. Carter, June 10, 1940, p. 5 (PDF p. 100), FBI file: [http://education-research.org/PDFs/IPR54.11.pdf  Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 54, Part 11],  pp. 96-101.</ref> and [[Soviet]] intelligence source<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/9sep_lippman_views_churchill_roosevelt.pdf 1289 New York to Moscow], September 9, 1944. According to Eric Alterman, a columnist and [http://www.thenation.com/blogs/altercation blogger] for ''The Nation'', Lippmann "offered much more useful information to the Soviets than [I.F.]  Stone ever did." (Eric Alterman, "[http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=stone_cold_untruths Stone Cold Untruths]," ''The American Prospect'', October 3, 2006)</ref> Walter Lippman (whose secretary, [[Mary Price]], was a Soviet agent)<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1943/8jun_dir_courier.pdf 868 KGB New York to Moscow, 8 June 1943]. Cf. [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/29apr_recruits.pdf 588 New York to Moscow, 29 April 1944]. See also [http://ia311343.us.archive.org/2/items/instituteofpacif02unit/instituteofpacif02unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations Hearings, Part 2], Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 82nd Cong., 1st Sess., August 9, 14, 16, 20, 22, and 23, 1951 (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1951), p. 406; Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, ''The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors'' (Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 2001) ISBN 0895262258, p. 439 and John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999) ISBN 0300077718, p. 99</ref> suggested that Hiss turn the tables by waiving the statute of limitations on espionage. Hiss never took him up on that suggestion.<ref>Allen Weinstein, ''Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978), ISBN 0394495462, p. 384</ref>

==The Trials==

==The Trials==