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→Sources: Quran versus the Bible
*[[Hanifism]], the adherents of which, called Hanifs, must have been considerable in number and influence, as it is known from contemporary Arabian sources that twelve of Mohammed's followers were members of this sect.
*[[Hanifism]], the adherents of which, called Hanifs, must have been considerable in number and influence, as it is known from contemporary Arabian sources that twelve of Mohammed's followers were members of this sect.
*Native ancient and contemporary Arabian heathen beliefs and practices. Wellhausen has collected in his "Reste des arabischen Heidentums" (Berlin, 1897) all that is known of pre-Islamic Arabian heathen belief, traditions, customs, and superstitions, many of which are either alluded to or accepted and incorporated in the Koran. From the various sects and creeds, and Abul-Fida, the well-known historian and geographer of the twelfth century, it is clear that religious beliefs and practices of the Arabs of Mohammed's day form one of the many sources of Islam. From this heathen source Islam derived the practices of [[polygamy]] and [[slavery]], which Mohammed sanctioned by adopting them."<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08692a.htm Koran], by Gabriel Oussani, ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''</ref>
*Native ancient and contemporary Arabian heathen beliefs and practices. Wellhausen has collected in his "Reste des arabischen Heidentums" (Berlin, 1897) all that is known of pre-Islamic Arabian heathen belief, traditions, customs, and superstitions, many of which are either alluded to or accepted and incorporated in the Koran. From the various sects and creeds, and Abul-Fida, the well-known historian and geographer of the twelfth century, it is clear that religious beliefs and practices of the Arabs of Mohammed's day form one of the many sources of Islam. From this heathen source Islam derived the practices of [[polygamy]] and [[slavery]], which Mohammed sanctioned by adopting them."<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08692a.htm Koran], by Gabriel Oussani, ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''</ref>
==The Bible versus the Qur'an==
At less that 80,00 words (figures vary: 77,701 by one source,<ref>http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Uk/uk.religion.islam/2005-09/msg01868.html</ref>) the Qur'an is much smaller than the Bible, (Old Testament: 602,585; New Testament: 180,552<ref> http://muthbible.org/resources/bible/biblestatistics.php</ref> with the [[KJV]] being counted at 788,258 words total. <ref>http://www.biblebelievers.com/believers-org/kjv-stats.htm</ref>) and is far more restrictive in in its scope of communication. Lacking the manner of extensive historical accounts of the Bible, and the context it provides for its laws, as well as genealogical records which helps provide historical chronology, the Qur'an is difficult to interpret by itself, and in its allusions to Biblical characters and events it evidences that it depends upon the Bible. Muhammed himself is seen to uphold the Scriptures that existed then as Divinely inspired, both the Torah, (Sura 2:87) and the Psalms, (4:163) and the gospels, (Suras 3:3; 5:46) such as in stating,
<blockquote>
Say: "O People of the Book! ye have no ground to stand upon unless ye stand fast by the Law, the Gospel, and all the revelation that has come to you from your Lord, (Sura 5:68; Y. Ali) and
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
And dispute ye not with the People of the Book, except with means better (than mere disputation), unless it be with those of them who inflict wrong (and injury): but say, "We believe in the revelation which has come down to us and in that which came down to you; Our Allah and your Allah is one; and it is to Him we bow (in Islam). (Sura 29:46; Y. Ali)
</blockquote>
Sura 6:34 also states that "there is none that can alter the words (and decrees) of Allah."
However, the Qur'an critically contradicts the Bible, especially as concerns the person and work of [[Jesus Christ]], as it flatly denies His death and resurrection, as well as His Divine nature, both of which which are held by Christians to be abudantly testified to.<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/JESUS.Vs.Muhammad.html MUHAMMAD VERSUS JESUS CHRIST]</ref><ref> [http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/DEITYofCHRIST.html The DEITY of CHRIST]</ref>
Islamic apologists recognize these contradictions, and charge that the Bible was tampered with, though the amount of alterations required to explain the Quranic deviations from Biblical text would require a radical amount of rewriting of the latter.
Christian apologists respond to these charges by evidencing that an abundance of manuscripts which predate the Quran yet exist, and which remarkably conflate with later manuscripts, and manifest that no such rewriting took place.<ref>http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/bibleorigin.html</ref><ref>http://www.carm.org/questions/about-bible/manuscript-evidence-superior-new-testament-reliability</ref> In addition, it is postulated that if Muhammed could not read, as Islam states, then he would have relied upon the word of others (travelers, etc.) who were overall likely to be significantly Biblically illiterate.<ref>http://www.letusreason.org/Islam5.htm</ref> This would explain how Muhammed could be so confused as to believe such things as that the Christian Trinity consisted of God, Jesus and Mary,<ref>[http://answering-islam.org/Why-not/13trinity.html Jochen Katz, ''My Questions to Muslims''; Answering Islam]</ref> (Sura 5:116-117) in addition to speaking numerous other contradictions, while upholding the integrity of the Bible.<ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Contra/ answering-islam.org; ''Contradictions in the Qur'an'']</ref>
While Muslims also typically claim that the text of the Qur'an is identical to that received by Muhammad. Christian researchers contend that there is overwhelming evidence that it is not. <ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Text/ Textual answering-islam.org; ''Variants of the Qur'an'']</ref>
==Verses of Violence==
==Verses of Violence==