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Line 20: − + + + − + + + + − Deteriorating economic conditions and popular resentment against the complicated system of privileges granted the nobility and clerics were among the principal causes of the [[French Revolution]] (1789-99).
→Old Regime
==Old Regime==
==Old Regime==
see [[Old Regime]]
*see [[Old Regime]]
*see [[Louis XIV]]
*see [[Lousi XV]]
France was one of the earliest countries in Europe to progress from feudalism to the nation-state. Its monarchs surrounded themselves with capable ministers, and French armies were among the most innovative, disciplined, and professional of their day. During the reign of [[Louis XIV]] (1643-1715), France was the dominant power in Europe. But overly ambitious projects and military campaigns of Louis and his successors led to chronic financial problems in the 18th Century.
France was one of the earliest countries in Europe to progress from feudalism to the nation-state. Its monarchs surrounded themselves with capable ministers, and French armies were among the most innovative, disciplined, and professional of their day. During the reign of [[Louis XIV]] (1643-1715), France was the dominant power in Europe. But overly ambitious projects and military campaigns of Louis and his successors led to chronic financial problems in the 18th Century.
===French Revolution===
===French Revolution===
see [[French Revolution]]
* see [[French Revolution]]
*see [[Lousi XVI]]
Deteriorating economic conditions and popular resentment against the complicated system of privileges granted the nobility and clerics were among the principal causes of the [[French Revolution]] (1789-99).
==19th century==
==19th century==
Although the revolutionaries advocated republican and egalitarian principles of government, France reverted to forms of absolute rule or constitutional monarchy four times--the Empire of [[Napoleon]], the Restoration of Louis XVIII, the reign of Louis-Philippe, and the Second Empire of [[Napoleon III]]. After the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870), the Third Republic was established and lasted until the military defeat of 1940 at the hands of the Germans.
Although the revolutionaries advocated republican and egalitarian principles of government, France reverted to forms of absolute rule or constitutional monarchy four times--the Empire of [[Napoleon]], the Restoration of Louis XVIII, the reign of Louis-Philippe, and the Second Empire of [[Napoleon III]]. After the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870), the Third Republic was established and lasted until the military defeat of 1940 at the hands of the Germans.