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lesson on naming. Can anyone else explain alkene cis and trans or shall i do it when I have more time?
==Organic Compounds==
==Organic Compounds==
[[Organic compound]]s contain carbon, usually in combination with [[hydrogen]], [[oxygen]], [[nitrogen]], or [[sulfur]]. Organic compounds were first associated only with [[plant]]s and [[animal]]s. However, a great number of organic compounds have now been prepared that do not occur in [[nature]].
[[Organic compound]]s contain carbon, usually in combination with [[hydrogen]], [[oxygen]], [[nitrogen]], or [[sulfur]]. Organic compounds were first associated only with [[plant]]s and [[animal]]s. However, a great number of organic compounds have now been prepared that do not occur in [[nature]].
The prefix for an organic molecule depends on the number of carbon atoms it contains in the longest continuous chain.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Prefix
! Meaning
|-
| Meth-
| 1
|-
| Eth-
| 2
|-
| Prop-
| 3
|-
| But-
| 4
|-
| Penta-
| 5
|-
| Hexa-
| 6
|-
| Sept-
| 7
|-
| Oct-
| 8
|}
===Alkanes===
===Alkanes===
Alkanes are the simplest organic molecules, containing only c-c single bonds. An alkane has the suffix -ane. For example Pentane has 5 carbon and 12 Hydrogen atoms with only single bonds connecting them all together.
===Alkenes===
===Alkenes===
Alkenes are organic molecules which contain at least one C=C bouble bond. An alkene has the suffix -ene. Ethene is the simplest alkene possible with 2 carbon atoms double bonded to each other and 4 hydrogen atoms. Methene (1 carbon atom) is an impossible chemical because there is nowhere to put a double bond between carbon atoms
Alkenes longer than ethene have an added complication. It is essential to state the relative position of a double bond. Butene for example can have the double bond in two different positions (Hydrogen atoms ommitted): C=C-C-C or C-C=C-C. The first is still called Butene, the second is But-2-ene. The 2 comes from the double bond being attached to the second carbon in the chain.
Using butene as an example again it can be seen that there is enough space for more than one double bond: C=C=C-C, C=C-C=C or even C=C=C=C. These are respectively called But-1,2-diene, But-1,3-diene and but-triene. Again the numbers 1,2 and 3 signify the position the carbon bond. but-triene does not need any positioning numbers because there is no other way of arranging the double bonds. The 'di' and 'tri' signify that there is more than one double bond in the chain.
===Alkynes===
===Alkynes===
Alkynes are unsaturated organic compounds with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. In nature, alkynes are found in numerous plants and fruits, and most compounds can be readily synthesized industrially or in a laboratory.
Alkynes are unsaturated organic compounds with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. In nature, alkynes are found in numerous plants and fruits, and most compounds can be readily synthesized industrially or in a laboratory.
===Aromatic Hydrocarbons===
===Aromatic Hydrocarbons===
The best know aromatic compound is Benzene (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)
[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]