17,394
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 15:
Line 15: + + + + + + + + +
→United States: add religion
Meanwhile isolationist sentiment grew in the Democratic party, largely in reaction to the failure of the [[Vietnam War]]. the chief spokesman was Senator [[George McGovern]], whose 1972 presidential campaign had the isolationist slogan, "Come Home America".
Meanwhile isolationist sentiment grew in the Democratic party, largely in reaction to the failure of the [[Vietnam War]]. the chief spokesman was Senator [[George McGovern]], whose 1972 presidential campaign had the isolationist slogan, "Come Home America".
===League of Nations===
[[Woodrow Wilson]] wrote the [[League of Nations]] into the 1919 Versailles Peace Treaty. The League went into operation but the U.S. never joined. The Senate rejected ratification on Wilson's terms, and also rejected ratification on terms proposed by the Republicans, led by Senator [[Henry Cabot Lodge]]. The Republicans demanded amendments that made clear that only Congress could declare the U.S. at war, not the League. Debate on the League was furious, with the Senate split three ways: Wilsonians, Lodge supporters, and a third group of "irreconcilables" (mostly liberals) who rejected any membership.
====Religion and the League===
The churches played a major role. The mainline denominations, especially influenced by the [[Social Gospel]], provided strong support. Opposition came from [[Fundamentalist]] and Calvinist groups.
Most Americans who belonged to Dispensationalist Fundamentalists, Calvinists, German Lutheran and Catholic churches opposed the League. Ethnicity played a role, as German Lutherans and Catholics were especially hostile, as were Irish Catholics. There was some opposition from Methodist and Episcopalian ranks.
Dispensationalists denounced the League as fulfilling the prophecy of a final world empire and as a sign of "human pretensions of self-sufficiency" in thinking that they could prevent the sin of war without God's help. Although many Calvinists backed the Social Gospel and therefore the League, conservatives, including Southern Baptists, Presbyterians, and Christian Reformed, counter-argued that such a human endeavor to improve the world without a Christian core doomed it to failure. Furthermore, they lamented the lack of mission language in the League charter and warned against cooperating with non-Christian states on an equal plane. The Missouri Synod Lutherans argued against such Social Gospel endeavors because of their amillennialist bent and insistence on the separation of church and state. Conservative Methodists and Episcopalians found themselves in the minority within denominations that publicly endorsed the League of Nations but nonetheless derided it as dangerously socialist and too divorced from Christianity for success. Much of this rhetoric has reappeared in recent years in discussions of the United Nations.<ref> See Markku Ruotsila, ''The Origins of Christian
Anti-Internationalism: Conservative Evangelicals and the League of Nations.'' (2008)</ref>
==Asia==
==Asia==