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'''Pentecostalism''' is a spiritual [[Christian]] revivalist movement that began within  [[Protestantism]].  It emphasizes gifts of the Holy Spirit, and has experienced explosive growth for the past half-century. The membership is young and fast-growing. Combined, the Pentecostals (in separate denominations) and [[Charismatic movement|charismatics]] (inside other denominations) add up to very large numbers. The statistics are highly inexact but the combined total is perhaps one Christian in ten, worldwide.[[Image:OralRoberts.jpg|thumb|300px|Oral Roberts week-long revival in Los Angeles, 1957]]

'''Pentecostalism''' is a spiritual Christian revivalist movement that began within  revivalistic Protestantism, especially in the United States in the 19th century.  The goal of the [[Holiness Movement]] was to move beyond the one-time conversion experience that the revivals produce, and reach entire sanctification.  The Pentecostals went one step further, seeking what they called a "baptism in the spirit" or "baptism of the the Holy Ghost" that enabled those with this special gift to heal the sick, perform miracles, prophesy, and speak in tongues.<ref> Harrell (1975)</ref>

 

Pentecostalism has experienced explosive growth for the past half-century. The membership is young and fast-growing. Combined, the Pentecostals (in separate denominations) and [[Charismatic movement|charismatics]] (inside other denominations) add up to very large numbers. The statistics are highly inexact but the combined total is perhaps one Christian in ten, worldwide.[[Image:OralRoberts.jpg|thumb|300px|Oral Roberts week-long revival in Los Angeles, 1957]]

Although Pentecostalism is descended from [[Methodism]] and the Methodist [[Holiness Movement]], many do not consider it as "Protestant." It has gained some acceptance by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in the [[Second Vatican Council]].  

Although Pentecostalism is descended from [[Methodism]] and the Methodist [[Holiness Movement]], many do not consider it as "Protestant." It has gained some acceptance by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in the [[Second Vatican Council]].  

Next in size are the Church of God and The Church of God in Christ, a predominantly African American denomination based in the U.S.   

Next in size are the Church of God and The Church of God in Christ, a predominantly African American denomination based in the U.S.   

Other Pentecostal denominations include the Church of God, Cleveland, Tennessee (1.0 million members in the U.S.); the International Pentecostal Holiness Church (244,000 U.S.members); the International Church of the Four Square Gospel (252,000 U.S. members); the Full Gospel Fellowshiop (412,000 members in the U.S.); and the United Pentecostal Church International (646,000 members in the U.S.) Some, including the United Pentecostal Church International, do not believe in the Trinity, but most do. There are scores of smaller Pentecostal bodies.<ref> For a listing of the websites of these and other Pentecostal churches, go to http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~kbanner/pentec.html </ref>

Other Pentecostal denominations include the Church of God, Cleveland, Tennessee (1.0 million members in the U.S.); the International Pentecostal Holiness Church (244,000 U.S.members); the International Church of the Four Square Gospel (252,000 U.S. members); the Full Gospel Fellowship (412,000 members in the U.S.); and the United Pentecostal Church International (646,000 members in the U.S.) Some, including the United Pentecostal Church International, do not believe in the Trinity, but most do. There are scores of smaller Pentecostal bodies.<ref> For a listing of the websites of these and other Pentecostal churches, go to http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~kbanner/pentec.html </ref>

==History==

==History==

===United States and Canada===

===United States and Canada===

* Anderson, Robert Mapes. ''Vision of the Disinherited'' (1979).  

* Anderson, Robert Mapes. ''Vision of the Disinherited'' (1979).  

* Blumhofer, Edith L. ''Restoring the Faith: The Assemblies of God, Pentecostalism, and American Culture.'' (1993). 281 pp.  A  major schiolarly study.

* Blumhofer, Edith L. ''Restoring the Faith: The Assemblies of God, Pentecostalism, and American Culture.'' (1993). 281 pp.  A  major scholarly study.

* Cox, Harvey. ''Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-First Century'' (1995) [http://www.questia.com/read/100789148?title=Fire%20from%20Heaven%3a%20The%20Rise%20of%20Pentecostal%20Spirituality%20and%20the%20Reshaping%20of%20Religion%20in%20the%20Twenty-First%20Century online edition]

* Cox, Harvey. ''Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-First Century'' (1995) [http://www.questia.com/read/100789148?title=Fire%20from%20Heaven%3a%20The%20Rise%20of%20Pentecostal%20Spirituality%20and%20the%20Reshaping%20of%20Religion%20in%20the%20Twenty-First%20Century online edition]

* Crowe, Terrence Robert. ''Pentecostal Unity: Recurring Frustration and Enduring Hopes.'' (1993). 282 pp.

* Crowe, Terrence Robert. ''Pentecostal Unity: Recurring Frustration and Enduring Hopes.'' (1993). 282 pp.