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=== Chinese immigrants ===

=== Chinese immigrants ===

The construction of the [[Central Pacific Railroad]] in [[California]] and [[Nevada]] was handled largely by American engineers and Chinese laborers. In the 1870 census there were 58,000 Chinese men and 4,000 women in the entire country; these numbers grew to 100,000 men and 4,000 women in the 1880 census. <ref> See [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/twps0029.html]

The construction of the [[Central Pacific Railroad]] in [[California]] and [[Nevada]] was handled largely by American engineers and Chinese laborers. In the 1870 census there were 58,000 Chinese men and 4,000 women in the entire country; these numbers grew to 100,000 men and 4,000 women in the 1880 census. <ref> [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/twps0029.html Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850-1990]

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Labor unions such as the [[American Federation of Labor]] strongly opposed the presence of Chinese labor, by reason of both economic competition and race. Immigrants from China were not allowed to become citizens until 1950; however, their children born in the U.S. were full citizens.  

Labor unions such as the [[American Federation of Labor]] strongly opposed the presence of Chinese labor, by reason of both economic competition and race. Immigrants from China were not allowed to become citizens until 1950; however, their children born in the U.S. were full citizens.