Changes

President [[Herbert Hoover]] tried to coordinate national policy with FDR to deal with the banking crisis during the long interregnum between the November election and the March 4 inauguration, but Roosevelt refused to cooperate.  Tugwell communicated a message which said President Roosevelt was "fully aware of the bank situation and that it would undoubtedly collapse in a few days."  [[Ray Moley]] explained years later Roosevelt refused to cooperate because "he preferred to have conditions deteriorate and gain for himself the entire credit for the rescue operation." <ref>Herbert Hoover, ''The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Great Depression 1929-1941'', The MacMillan Company, New York 1952, pp. 214-215.</ref>

President [[Herbert Hoover]] tried to coordinate national policy with FDR to deal with the banking crisis during the long interregnum between the November election and the March 4 inauguration, but Roosevelt refused to cooperate.  Tugwell communicated a message which said President Roosevelt was "fully aware of the bank situation and that it would undoubtedly collapse in a few days."  [[Ray Moley]] explained years later Roosevelt refused to cooperate because "he preferred to have conditions deteriorate and gain for himself the entire credit for the rescue operation." <ref>Herbert Hoover, ''The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Great Depression 1929-1941'', The MacMillan Company, New York 1952, pp. 214-215.</ref>

   

   

==Economic planning and the Second New Deal==

==Economic planning and the New Deal==

The theory of economic planning envisions govnerment bureaus and planning boards mandating what goods will be produced, in what quantities, who the producers shall be,  prices of pre-finished and finished goods, wage levels and compensation of workers, regulations, conditions, etc  Cartels, such as were established in Germany under the [[Third Reich]], would unite with foreign counterparts that would regulate the international flow of goods. The central planning agency would control the banks and the flow of all investment, deciding who will benefit and at what price.  It is essentially a centralized command and control economy, or [[totalitarian]] regime, such as was comon throughout the world in the 1930s.  James Burhnam refered to this as the ''Managerial Society'', or rule by the 'experts' and technicians.

The theory of economic planning envisions govnerment bureaus and planning boards mandating what goods will be produced, in what quantities, who the producers shall be,  prices of pre-finished and finished goods, wage levels and compensation of workers, regulations, conditions, etc  Cartels, such as were established in Germany under the [[Third Reich]], would unite with foreign counterparts that would regulate the international flow of goods. The central planning agency would control the banks and the flow of all investment, deciding who will benefit and at what price.  It is essentially a centralized command and control economy, or [[totalitarian]] regime, such as was comon throughout the world in the 1930s.  James Burhnam refered to this as the ''Managerial Society'', or rule by the 'experts' and technicians.

It was at this point in time that terms in the basic political lexicon of America were transformed -partly due to Tugwell's influence. The term 'liberal', which at one time was considered moderate and even mainstream, became a code word for '[[radical]]', and '[[socialism]]'.  The idea's formerly associated with 'liberalism' became [[conservative]], [[libertarian]], or [[classical liberalism]].

It was at this point in time that terms in the basic political lexicon of America were transformed -partly due to Tugwell's influence. The term 'liberal', which at one time was considered moderate and even mainstream, became a code word for '[[radical]]', and '[[socialism]]'.  The idea's formerly associated with 'liberalism' became [[conservative]], [[libertarian]], or [[classical liberalism]].

U.S. Ambassador to Italy Breckinridge Long wrote to Tugwell, “Your mind runs along these lines [corporativism]… It may have some bearing on the code work under N.R.A.”<ref>Long to Tugwell, May 16, 1934, [http://lccn.loc.gov/mm%2078030502 Breckinridge Long Papers], Box 111, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress)</ref> Tugwell, the “most prominent of the Brain Trusters and the man often considered the chief ideologist<ref>http://www.fff.org/freedom/0201e.asp </ref> of the ‘first New Deal’ (roughly, 1933–34),” said, “I find Italy doing many of the things which seem to me necessary…. [[Mussolini]] certainly has the same people opposed to him as FDR has. But he has the press controlled so that they cannot scream lies at him daily.”<ref>Jonah Goldberg, ‘’[http://books.google.com/books?id=wHihWKJE3asC Liberal Fascism: the Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning] (Random House, Inc., 2008) ISBN 0385511841, p.156</ref>

U.S. Ambassador to Italy Breckinridge Long wrote to Tugwell, “Your mind runs along these lines [corporativism]… It may have some bearing on the code work under N.R.A.”<ref>Long to Tugwell, May 16, 1934, [http://lccn.loc.gov/mm%2078030502 Breckinridge Long Papers], Box 111, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress)</ref> Tugwell, the “most prominent of the Brain Trusters and the man often considered the chief ideologist<ref>http://www.fff.org/freedom/0201e.asp </ref> of the ‘first New Deal’ (roughly, 1933–34),” said, “I find Italy doing many of the things which seem to me necessary…. [[Mussolini]] certainly has the same people opposed to him as FDR has. But he has the press controlled so that they cannot scream lies at him daily.”<ref>Jonah Goldberg, ‘’[http://books.google.com/books?id=wHihWKJE3asC Liberal Fascism: the Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning] (Random House, Inc., 2008) ISBN 0385511841, p.156</ref>