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Newfoundland and Labrador (view source)
Revision as of 17:19, September 27, 2009
, 17:19, September 27, 2009no edit summary
The province is officially the '''Province of Newfoundland and Labrador''' and includes all of the Island of Newfoundland, as well as Labrador, a large, lightly populated area of mainland. Before 2001 the official name was "Newfoundland," and most people still call it that, for Labrador has only 28,000 people or 6% of the total population. People from Newfoundland are often called "newfies", a term that the locals dislike. The capital is [[St. John's]]. The total area is 405,720 km<sup>2</sup>.
The province is officially the '''Province of Newfoundland and Labrador''' and includes all of the Island of Newfoundland, as well as Labrador, a large, lightly populated area of mainland. Before 2001 the official name was "Newfoundland," and most people still call it that, for Labrador has only 28,000 people or 6% of the total population. People from Newfoundland are often called "newfies", a term that the locals dislike. The capital is [[St. John's]]. The total area is 405,720 km<sup>2</sup>.
The population in 2009 was 509,000, only 1.6% of the national total. Many residents migrate permanently, and in recent years there has been a large temporary migration to the oilfields of Alberta. Since the utter collapse of the cod fisheries in the 1990s, and the failure of various government sponsored industrialzation schemes, the economy has been hard-pressed. The per capita provincial income of $CAN 30,500 (2008) is well below the national average.
The population in 2009 was 509,000, only 1.6% of the national total. Many residents migrate permanently, and in recent years there has been a large temporary migration to the oilfields of Alberta. Since the utter collapse of the cod fisheries in the 1990s, and the failure of various government sponsored industrialization schemes, the economy has been hard-pressed. The per capita provincial income of $CAN 30,500 (2008) is well below the national average.
The Province of '''Newfoundland and Labrador''' is one of the ten provinces of [[Canada]]. A
The Province of '''Newfoundland and Labrador''' is one of the ten provinces of [[Canada]]. A
|work=2006 Canadian Census
|work=2006 Canadian Census
|accessdate=2008-03-25}}
|accessdate=2008-03-25}}
</ref>. Newfoundland and Labrador cover 405,720 square kilometres in total.
</ref>. Newfoundland and Labrador cover 405,720 square kilometers in total.
===Population history===
===Population history===
* [http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ ''The Dictionary of Canadian Biography''] (1966-2006), thousands of scholarly biographies of notables who died by 1930
* [http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ ''The Dictionary of Canadian Biography''] (1966-2006), thousands of scholarly biographies of notables who died by 1930
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCESubjects&Params=A1 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (2008)] reliable detailed encyclopedia, on-line free
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCESubjects&Params=A1 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (2008)] reliable detailed encyclopedia, on-line free
* Cadigan, Sean T. ''Newfoundland and Labrador: A History'' (2009), the standard scholarly history [http://www.amazon.com/Newfoundland-Labrador-Sean-T-Cadigan/dp/0802044654/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254071690&sr=1-10 excerpt and text search]
* Canada, Government of. ''Newfoundland . An Introduction to Canada's New Province'' (1950), 142p., useful short history[http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/NewfoundlandHistory.htm online edition]
* Canada, Government of. ''Newfoundland . An Introduction to Canada's New Province'' (1950), 142p., useful short history[http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/NewfoundlandHistory.htm online edition]
* Conrad, Margaret, and James Hiller. ''Atlantic Canada: A Concise History'' (2006).
* Harris, Leslie. ''Newfoundland and Labrador: A Brief History'' (1968),
* Harris, Leslie. ''Newfoundland and Labrador: A Brief History'' (1968),
* Hempstead, Andrew. ''Frommer's Newfoundland and Labrador'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Newfoundland-Labrador-Andrew-Hempstead/dp/0470837381/ref=sr_1_15?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206504198&sr=8-15 excerpt and text search 2006 edition]
* Hempstead, Andrew. ''Frommer's Newfoundland and Labrador'' (2010) [http://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Newfoundland-Labrador/dp/047073678X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254071690&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search 2006 edition]
* Jackson, Lawrence. ''Newfoundland & Labrador'' (1998)
* Jackson, Lawrence. ''Newfoundland & Labrador'' (1998)
* Rowe, Frederick. ''History of Newfoundland and Labrador'' (1980).
* Rowe, Frederick. ''History of Newfoundland and Labrador'' (1980).
* Smallwood, Joseph, et al. eds. ''The Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador'' (5 vol 1981-94) 3900 pages; available on cd-rom [http://www.cuff.com/enl/Anext.htm portions online]
* Smallwood, Joseph, et al. eds. ''The Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador'' (5 vol 1981-94) 3900 pages; available on cd-rom [http://www.cuff.com/enl/Anext.htm portions online]
* Walls, Martha, and John MacIntyre. ''Newfoundland and Labrador Book of Everything'' (2006)
* Walls, Martha, and John MacIntyre. ''Newfoundland and Labrador Book of Everything'' (2006)
==Surveys==
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCESubjects&Params=A1 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (2008), complete text]
* Bélanger, Claude, ed. "Newfoundland Biography (1497-2004)" (2004) [http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/Newfoundland%20biographies%20A-D.htm online edition]
* Cadigan, Sean T. ''Newfoundland and Labrador: A History'' (2009), the standard scholarly history [http://www.amazon.com/Newfoundland-Labrador-Sean-T-Cadigan/dp/0802044654/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254071690&sr=1-10 excerpt and text search]
* Canada, Government of. ''Newfoundland . An Introduction to Canada's New Province'' (1950), 142p., useful short history[http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/NewfoundlandHistory.htm online edition]
* Chadwick, Gerald William St. John. ''Newfoundland; Island Into Province'' (1967)
* Conrad, Margaret, and James Hiller. ''Atlantic Canada: A Concise History'' (2006).
* [http://www.biographi.ca/index2.html ''The Dictionary of Canadian Biography'' (1966- )], scholarly biographies of everyone of importance who died by 1930
* ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (11th ed. 1911) [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Main_Page online edition]
* Harris, Leslie. ''Newfoundland and Labrador: A Brief History'' (1968),
* Jackson, Lawrence. ''Newfoundland & Labrador'' (1999)
* MacNutt, W.S. ''The Atlantic Provinces: The Emergence of Colonial Society'' (1965)
* Prowse, D.W. ''A History of Newfoundland'' (1895) 744pp, highly infleuntial classic history [http://collections.mun.ca/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/cns&CISOPTR=22018&REC=2 complete text online];also [http://books.google.com/books/pdf/A_History_of_Newfoundland.pdf?id=jdEOAAAAYAAJ&output=pdf&sig=-kTiGMC9PgGninE-ERmZN17bDdY complete text downloadable]
* Rowe, Frederick. ''History of Newfoundland and Labrador'' (1980).
* Smallwood, Joseph, et al. eds. ''The Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador'' (5 vol 1981-94) 3900 pages; available on cd-rom [http://www.cuff.com/enl/Anext.htm portions online]
==Specialized studies==
* Bannister, Jerry. ''The Rule of the Admirals: Law, Custom, and Naval Government in Newfoundland, 1699-1832.'' (2003).
* Birkenhead, Lord. ''The story of Newfoundland'' (2nd ed. 1920) 192pp [http://www.ourroots.ca/e/toc.aspx?id=1319 online edition]
* Blake, Raymond B. ''Canadians at Last: Canada Integrates Newfoundland as a Province.'' (1994). 252 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Canadians-Last-Integration-Newfoundland-Province/dp/0802069789/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206594192&sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]
* Buckner, Phillip A., and John G. Reid, eds. ''The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History'' (1994);
* Casey, G.J., and Elizabeth Miller, eds., ''Tempered Days: A Century of Newfoundland Fiction'' St. John's: Killick Press, 1996.
* Earle; Karl McNeil. "Cousins of a Kind: The Newfoundland and Labrador Relationship with the United States" ''American Review of Canadian Studies'' Vol: 28. Issue: 4. 1998. pp: 387-411. [http://www.questia.com/read/5002300400?title=Cousins%20of%20a%20Kind%3a%20The%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador%20Relationship%20with%20the%20United%20States online edition]
* English, Christopher, ed. ''Essays in the History of Canadian Law. Vol. 9. Two Islands: Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island.'' (2005). 419 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Essays-History-Canadian-Law-Newfoundland/dp/0802090435/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206594192&sr=8-5 excerpts and text search]
* Fay, C. R. ''Life and Labour in Newfoundland'' University of Toronto Press, (1956) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/life-and-labour-in-newfoundland-based-on-lectures-delivered-at-the-memorial-university-of-newfoundland-by-c-r-fay.jsp online edition]
* Forbes, E.R., and D.A. Muise, eds. ''The Atlantic Provinces in Confederation'' (1993).
* Fowler, Adrian. "Distinct Society: Cultural Identity in Twentieth-Century Newfoundland Literature." PhD dissertation U. of Ottawa 2003. 340 pp. DAI 2003 64(1): 149-A. DAQN76384 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* Francis, R. Douglas, Richard Jones and Donald B. Smith. ''Origins: Canadian History to Confederation (3rd. ed. 1996), "Newfoundland to the 1860s," pp. 352-370.
* Greene, John P. ''Between Damnation and Starvation: Priests and Merchants in Newfoundland Politics, 1745-1855.'' (2000). 340 pp.
* Gwyn, R. J. ''Smallwood: the unlikely revolutionary'' (2nd ed. 1972)
* Hale, David. "The Newfoundland Lesson," ''The International Economy.'' v17#3 (Summer 2003). pp 52+. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002017797 online edition]
* Handcock, Gordon W. ''"So Longe as There Comes Noe Women": Origins of English Settlement in Newfoundland'' (1989)
* Harris, R.C. ed. ''The Historical Atlas of Canada, vol. I: From the Beginning to 1800'' (1988) and R. Louis Gentilcore, ed. ''The Historical Atlas of Canada, vol. II: The Land Transformed, 1800-1891'' (1993)
* Harvey, M. ''Newfoundland in 1900. A treatise of the geography, natural resources and history of the Island, embracing an account of recent and present large material movements, finely illustrated with maps and half-tone engravings'' (1900) 187 pp.[http://www.ourroots.ca/e/toc.aspx?id=1327online edition]
* Head, Grant C. ''Eighteenth Century Newfoundland: A Geographer’s Perspective'' (1976)
* Hiller, James, and Peter Neary, eds. ''Newfoundland in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Essays in Interpretations'' (1980)
* Hiller, James, and Peter Neary, eds. ''Twentieth-Century Newfoundland: Explorations'' (1994), 384pp; 10 essays by scholars [http://www.amazon.com/Twentieth-Century-Newfoundland-Explorations-History/dp/1550810723/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206594020&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hiller, James K. ''Confederation: deciding Newfoundland's future, 1934–1949'' (1998)
* Hiller, J. K. and Harrington, M. F., ed. ''The Newfoundland National Convention, 1946-1948.'' (2 vols. 1995). 2021 pp. [http://books.google.com/books?id=HcBTy7iPuAkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:newfoundland+inauthor:Hiller&lr=&as_brr=0&sig=CSm8ZJGbvGXEDTGR9Vj5rqdYJXY excerpts and text search]
* Hiller, James K. "Robert Bond and the Pink, White and Green: Newfoundland Nationalism in Perspective." ''Acadiensis'' 2007 36(2): 113-133. Issn: 0044-5851
* Hiller, James K. "Smallwood, Joseph Roberts (1900–1991)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', online ed, May 2007
* House, J.D. ''The Challenge of Oil: Newfoundland's Quest for Controlled Development.'' ISER Books (1985) re 1980s
* House, J.D. ''Against the Tide: Battling for Economic Renewal in Newfoundland and Labrador.'' (1999) [http://books.google.com/books?id=B8RvgYn--rgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:Against+intitle:the+intitle:Tide+intitle:Battling+intitle:for+intitle:Economic+intitle:Renewal&lr=&as_brr=0&sig=gXpJwnTb3T__WfLm5eNbmqf861Q excerpts and text search]
* Kealey, Linda, ed. ''Pursuing Equality: Historical Perspectives on Women in Newfoundland and Labrador.'' St. John's: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1993. 310 pp.
* Letto, Douglas. ''Chocolate bars and rubber boots: the Smallwood industrialization plan'' (1998)
* Ling, Katherine Anne. "'A Share of the Sacrifice': Newfoundland Service Wives in the Second World War." PhD dissertation Memorial U. of Newfoundland [Canada] 2001. 331 pp.: DAI 2002 62(10): 3527-A. DANQ62451 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* Long, Gene. ''Suspended State: Newfoundland Before Canada'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Suspended-State-Newfoundland-Before-History/dp/1550811444/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254071543&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* McCann, Phillip. ''Schooling in a Fishing Society: Education and Economic Conditions in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1836-1986.'' St. John's: Institute of Social and Economic Res., 1994. 277 pp.
* MacKay, R. A. ''Newfoundland: Economic, Diplomatic, and Strategic Studies,'' (1946) [http://www.questia.com/read/1018277?title=Newfoundland%3b%20Economic%2c%20Diplomatic%2c%20and%20Strategic%20Studies online edition]
* MacKinnon, Robert. "The Industrial City in Transition: A Cultural and Environmental Inventory of Greater Saint John," ''Acadiensis'' vol. 37 no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2008)* Macpherson, Alan G. ed. ''Four Centuries and the City: Perspectives on the Historical Geography of St. John's'' (2005)
* Mannion, John J. ''Irish Settlements in Eastern Canada: A Study of Cultural Transfer and Adaptation'' (1974)
* Mannion, John J. ed., ''The Peopling of Newfoundland: Essays in Historical Geography'' (Institute of Social & Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1977)
* Matthews, Keith. ''Lectures on the History of Newfoundland 1500-1800'' (1988),
* Neary, Peter. ''Newfoundland in the North Atlantic world, 1929-1949''. McGill-(1996)
* Nolan, Stephen. ''Leaving Newfoundland: A History of Out-Migration'' (2007)
* O'Flaherty, Patrick. ''Old Newfoundland: A History to 1843.'' St John's: Long Beach, 1999. 284 pp.
* O'Flaherty, Patrick. ''The Rock Observed: Studies in the Literature of Newfoundland'' (1979),
* Ommer, Rosemary E., ed. ''The Resilient Outport: Ecology, Economy, and Society in Rural Newfoundland.'' (2002). 358 pp.
* Overton, James. "Nationalism, Democracy, and Self-determination: Newfoundland in the 1930s and 1940s." ''Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism'' 2005 32(1-2): 31-52. Issn: 0317-7904
* Pope, Peter E. ''Fish into Wine: The Newfoundland Plantation in the Seventeenth Century.'' (2004). 464 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Fish-into-Wine-Newfoundland-Seventeenth/dp/0807829102/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206594192&sr=8-11 excerpt and text search]
* Rowe, Frederick W. ''The Smallwood Era.'' (1985). 250 pp.
* Sider, Gerald M. ''Between History and Tomorrow: Making and Breaking Everyday Life in Rural Newfoundland.'' (2nd ed. 2003); first edition was ''Culture and Class in Anthropology and History: A Newfoundland Illustration,'' (1986). 344 pp.
* Sweeny, Robert C. H. "What Difference Does a Mode Make? A Comparison of Two Seventeenth-century Colonies: Canada and Newfoundland." ''William and Mary Quarterly'' 2006 63(2): 281-304. Issn: 0043-5597 Fulltext: [[History Cooperative]]
* Wright, Miriam. ''A Fishery for Modern Times: The State and the Industrialization of the Newfoundland Fishery, 1934-1968.'' (2001). 176 pp.
* Writers' Alliance of Newfoundland and Labrador. ''Desperate measures: the Great Depression in Newfoundland and Labrador'' (1996) 55 pages; essays by Carmelita McGrath and Kathryn Welbourn. [http://www.nald.ca/CLR/social/book4/book4.pdf online edition]
==Historiography==
* Bannister, Jerry. "'A Species of Vassalage': The Issue of Class in the Writing of Newfoundland History" ''Acadiensis'' 24:1 (Autumn 1994): 134-144.
* Conrad, Margaret, and James Hiller, "Introduction" in ''Atlantic Canada: A Region in the Making" (2006) [http://atlanticportal.hil.unb.ca:8000/archive/00000114/01/Conrad_Hiller_Introduction.pdf online]
* English, Christopher. "The Legal Historiography of Newfoundland," in Christopher English (ed.), ''Essays in the History of Canadian Law, Vol. 9. Two Islands: Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island'' (2005), pp. 19-38.
* Janzen, Olaf U. "Newfoundland and the International Fishery," in M. Brook Taylor, ed. ''Canadian History. A Reader's Guide. Vol. I: Beginnings to Confederation'' (1994). Chapter 4, pp. 280-324 [http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/nfld_history/index.htm online expanded version]
* Matthews, Keith. "Historical Fence Building: a Critique of the Historiography of Newfoundland." ''Newfoundland Studies'' 2001 17(2): 143-165. Issn: 0823-1737
* Neary, Peter. "The Writing of Newfoundland History: An Introductory Survey," in James Hiller and Peter Neary (eds.), ''Newfoundland in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Essays in Interpretations'' (1980), pp. 3-15
* Rowe, Fred. "Myths of Newfoundland", ''Newfoundland Quarterly'' 74:4 (Winter 1979): 3-16
* Sager, Eric. "Newfoundland's Historical Revival and the Legacy of David Alexander," ''Acadiensis'' 11:1 (Autumn 1981): 104-115
===Primary sources===
* ''The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs'' (annual 1901-1933) report on the year in Newfoundland, stressing politics [http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/NewfoundlandrelationsCanada.htm online edition]
* Millais, John Guille. '' The Newfoundland Guide Book, 1911: Including Labrador and St. Pierre'' (1911) [http://books.google.com/books?id=mCpJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA88&dq=intitle:The+intitle:Newfoundland+intitle:Guide+intitle:Book&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0 online edition; also reprinted 2009]
* Moyles, Robert Gordon, ed. ''"Complaints is Many and Various, But the Odd Divil Likes It": Nineteenth Century Views of Newfoundland'' (1975).
* Neary, Peter, and Patrick O'Flaherty, eds. ''By Great Waters: A Newfoundland and Labrador Anthology'' (1974)
* O'Flaherty, Patrick ed. ''The Rock Observed: Literary Responses to Newfoundland and Its People'' (1979)
* Rompkey, Ronald, ed. ''Terre-Neuve: Anthologie des Voyageurs Français, 1814-1914'' [Newfoundland: anthology of French travelers, 1814-1914]. Presse University de Rennes, 2004. 304 pp.
* Smallwood, Joseph R. ''I Chose Canada: The Memoirs of the Honourable Joseph R. "Joey" Smallwood.'' (1973). 600 pp.
==Additional bibliographies==
* [http://atlanticportal.hil.unb.ca/bibliography "Atlantic Canada Portal"] a comprehensive online bibliography on Atlantic Canada
* [http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/nfld_history/index.htm "A Reader's Guide to the History of Newfoundland and Labrador to 1869," by Olaf U. Janzen]
==External links==
==External links==