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'''Espionage''' refers to the act of gathering information, generally using subversive means. A person who engages in espionage is called a [[spy]].
'''Espionage''' refers to the act of gathering information, generally using subversive means. A person who engages in espionage is called a [[spy]]. It is carried on by Intelligence bureaus operated by the military or the government, such as the [[CIA]], [[KGB]] and [[Mossad]].
The word ''Espionage'' comes from the [[French]] word ''espionage'', meaning literally "to spy". However, it was the Americans and Soviets who made the most historical use of espionage, during the [[Cold War]]. Almost all countries have used espionage, notably [[Israel]]<ref>http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/spyring.html</ref>, Germany during World War II, and Britain. Espionage is much less talked about today, except for ''industrial espionage'', which is what happens when one company spies on another one, or a government spy agency tries to discover corporate secrets in another country.
The word ''Espionage'' comes from the [[French]] word ''espionage'', meaning literally "to spy". However, it was the Americans and Soviets who made the most historical use of espionage, during the [[Cold War]]. Almost all countries have used espionage, notably [[Israel]]<ref>http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/spyring.html</ref>, Germany during World War II, and Britain. Espionage is much less talked about today, except for ''industrial espionage'', which is what happens when one company spies on another one, or a government spy agency tries to discover corporate secrets in another country.
'''Counterintelligence''' is the business of detecting and neutralizing spies.
Famous spies include [[Mata Hari]], [[Whittaker Chambers]], [[Julius Rosenberg]] and [[Alger Hiss]].
Famous spies include [[Mata Hari]], [[Whittaker Chambers]], [[Julius Rosenberg]] and [[Alger Hiss]].
==See also==
==See also==
* [[CIA]], US main spy agency
* [[KGB]], Soviet spies
* [[KGB]], Soviet spies
* [[Mossad]], Israel
* [[Soviet spies in America (1921-1948)]]
* [[Soviet spies in America (1921-1948)]]
* [[Stasi]], East German spies
* [[Stasi]], East German spies