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History of Australia (view source)
Revision as of 15:52, September 29, 2009
, 15:52, September 29, 2009→Gold
===Gold===
===Gold===
The 1850s saw the discovery of gold and large number of people moved to Australia to find new wealth. Most of these people were British, although there were also many dispossessed by the "land clearings" in Scotland and the [[Irish famine]], and there was a significant number of Chinese immigrants during this rush. Americans were drawn to Australia to participate in various enterprises such as the gold fields <ref>[http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/textversion/usa.htm| Australian Dept of Immigration and Citizenship]</ref>
The 1850s saw the discovery of gold and large number of people moved to Australia to find new wealth. Most of these people were British, although there were also many dispossessed by the "land clearings" in Scotland and the [[Irish Potato Famine]], and there was a significant number of Chinese immigrants during this rush. Americans were drawn to Australia to participate in various enterprises such as the gold fields <ref>[http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/textversion/usa.htm| Australian Dept of Immigration and Citizenship]</ref>
===Religion==
From 1813 efforts were made to supply the religious needs of British colonists in Australia, first by the Wesleyan Methodists in New South Wales, then by the Anglican Church in alliance with the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG), the London Missionary Society (strongly Congregational), the Congregational Union, and the Baptist Colonial Missionary Society. After 1840 there was a new phase of energy on the part of the Anglicans, culminating in the establishment of seven new episcopal sees in Australia by 1863. These activities represented a commitment to Britain's imperial role and reinforced cultural ties with the mother country. Education and the Church of England were inextricably connected in 19th century Australia. <ref>J. D. Bollen, "English Christianity and the Australian Colonies, 1788-1860" ''Journal of Ecclesiastical History'' 1977 28(4): 361-385 </ref>
The Anglican clergy were poorly paid, and many of them struggled to make a living. They all received a stipend from the government, and the government also gave them glebes and other forms of land grants which they could farm or use for grazing purposes. However, few had any farming skills, and, in any case, most of the land granted to them was of poor quality. Some additional funds came from surplice fees, paid for conducting marriages, baptisms, and funerals, but this was only a significant amount for those in larger communities. A few clergymen also received fees for serving as magistrates. Out of these funds they had to support their own families and give charitable relief to the poor. Few could afford to keep a horse, and so they either had to borrow one or walk around their parishes. Even if a clergyman did somehow manage to save some money by farming his glebe, he would then be criticized for putting mammon before God.<ref>Brian Roach, "'Neither Bread Enough nor to Spare': Paying the Anglican Parson in Early Colonial New South Wales," ''Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society'' 2004 90(1): 1-21 </ref>
==20th century==
==20th century==
===White Australia===
===White Australia===